Modification of the Ti15Mo alloy surface through TiO₂ nanotube growth—an in vitro study

Abstract

In this study, ordered and uniform TiO 2 nanotubular structures were obtained on the surface of the Ti15Mo alloy by anodic oxidation. The amorphous state of TiO 2 nanotubes formed under different anodization conditions was investigated. Crystallization of TiO 2 into anatase phase occurs during annealing at temperatures of around 400°C, whereas anatase to rutile transformation starts around 500°C and is completed at 800°C. Phase transformations in annealed samples led to morphological changes of tubular nanostructures, suggesting that the oxide layer formed at the nanotube/substrate interface serves as nucleation sites for more stable phases of TiO 2. The proliferation of fibroblasts cells under annealing conditions of 450°C, and of untreated samples (control group), was evaluated after 1, 4, and 7 days in cell culture using fluorescence microscopy images. A gradual increase in the number and size of cells was observed, indicating a nontoxic alloy. There was also better surface coverage on anodized samples compared with the untreated group; as well as increased development of the cytoskeleton in samples after anodization. The results of this study showed that the growth of TiO 2 nanotubular structures associated with annealing allow better cell adhesion on the Ti15Mo alloy surface.

Synthesis of rutile TiO2 powder by microwave-enhanced roasting followed by hydrochloric acid leaching

“…5 shows the Raman spectra of titanium slag. The Raman bands identified at frequencies of 141.8 cm -1 are attributed to the E g 1 vibrations of anatase phase [48,49] . The Raman bands identified at frequencies of 239.8 cm -1 , which were caused by multiple-phonons scattering, are frequently considered as a characteristic peak of rutile phase [50] .The Raman bands identified at frequencies of 444.2 cm -1 and 609.8 cm -1 are attributed to the vibrations of rutile phase for E g 1 and A g 1 , respectively.…”

Modification of Anodic Titanium Oxide Bandgap Energy by Incorporation of Tungsten, Molybdenum, and Manganese In Situ during Anodization

“…Likewise, doping of anodic TiO 2 realized during anodization by substrate elements has found applications not only in photocatalysis, but also in biomedicine. The composition of β-type biomedical titanium alloy substrates was modified by other elements (such as Ti-30Ta [ 49 ], Ti–7.5Mo [ 50 ], Ti-15Mo [ 51 ], and Ti-35Nb and Ti-35Nb-4Sn [ 52 ]) with subsequent anodization to improve the biological response of those materials. In all the abovementioned studies [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], nanotubular structures grew on top of the alloy, and its biomedical performance was improved in comparison to un-anodized samples.…”

“…The composition of β-type biomedical titanium alloy substrates was modified by other elements (such as Ti-30Ta [ 49 ], Ti–7.5Mo [ 50 ], Ti-15Mo [ 51 ], and Ti-35Nb and Ti-35Nb-4Sn [ 52 ]) with subsequent anodization to improve the biological response of those materials. In all the abovementioned studies [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ], nanotubular structures grew on top of the alloy, and its biomedical performance was improved in comparison to un-anodized samples. Unfortunately, analysis of ATO composition was beyond the scope of those investigations.…”

Electrochemical Oxidation of Ti15Mo Alloy—The Impact of Anodization Parameters on Surface Morphology of Nanostructured Oxide Layers

“…For TiMo layers, tubes with a diameter ranging from 15 up to 120 nm were obtained, depending on the applied potential, and anodization time used for the process [28,32]. Different types of electrolytes, both inorganic [20,30] and organic [17,18,28,29,[31][32][33][34], were tested, and in most cases, nanotubular TiO 2 layers were received. Some groups also reported a usage of the 'aged' electrolyte as an alternative for the freshly prepared one [28,34].…”