Modification of Anodic Titanium Oxide Bandgap Energy by Incorporation of Tungsten, Molybdenum, and Manganese In Situ during Anodization

Abstract

In this research, we attempted to modify the bandgap of anodic titanium oxide by in situ incorporation of selected elements into the anodic titanium oxide during the titanium anodization process. The main aim of this research was to obtain photoactivity of anodic titanium oxide over a broader sunlight wavelength. The incorporation of the selected elements into the anodic titanium oxide was proved. It was shown that the bandgap values of anodic titanium oxides made at 60 V are in the visible region of sunlight. The smallest bandgap value was obtained for anodic titanium oxide modified by manganese, at 2.55 eV, which corresponds to a wavelength of 486.89 nm and blue color. Moreover, it was found that the pH of the electrolyte significantly affects the thickness of the anodic titanium oxide layer. The production of barrier oxides during the anodizing process with properties similar to coatings made by nitriding processes is reported for the first time.

Application of Anodic Titanium Oxide Modified with Silver Nanoparticles as a Substrate for Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy

“…Anodization is a cost-effective and efficient method to form nanostructures on titanium and its alloys. The main advantage is the control over the resulting morphology (ATO thickness as well as the inner and outer diameter of nanotubes/nanopores) by modifying the anodization parameters and the electrolyte composition [ 8 , 9 ]. After anodizing, the electrolyte properties, such as the concentration of ions, pH value, and electrolyte conductivity change.…”