Modification of the ionic composition of salt solutions by electrodialysis

Firdaous, Loubna; Quéméneur, F.; Schlumpf, J. P.; Maleriat, J. P.

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2004.06.153

Cited by 26 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…However, a salt molecule can be more restricted by crosslinked structure because a salt molecule is usually hydrated and shows larger the dynamic radius than water molecules. 28,[37][38][39] Similar results have been previously reported by McGrath et al, where covalent crosslinking of disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s by the reaction of multifunctional epoxy agent with phenoxide end group improved R value while maintaining water permeability. 32 The results obtained here suggest that the covalent crosslinking of sulfonated PBI is a promising method to prepare the ultrathin semipermeable membrane with enhanced water transport properties.…”

Section: Effect Of the Hydrophilic Group And Crosslinked Structure Onsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Both of water and salt molecules are generally sensitive toward structural and conformational changes in the polymer by the crosslinking reaction due to the reduction of free volume. However, a salt molecule can be more restricted by crosslinked structure because a salt molecule is usually hydrated and shows larger the dynamic radius than water molecules 28,[37][38][39]. Similar results have been previously reported by McGrath et al, where covalent crosslinking of disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone)s by the reaction of multifunctional epoxy agent with phenoxide end group improved R value while maintaining water permeability 32.…”

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confidence: 81%

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Effect of primary structure on permselectivity of ultrathin semipermeable polybenzimidazole membrane

Aiba

Tokuyama

Matsumoto

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A series of polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) with different main chains and sulfonated PBI were successfully synthesized from the corresponding dicarboxylic acids and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine for the formation of ultrathin, single-component, and semipermeable membranes. Furthermore, the covalently crosslinked PBI membrane was prepared by the reaction of sulfonated PBI with divinyl sulfone. Their water transport properties were evaluated under a reverse osmosis mode and compared with the primary structure based on the water permeability (A) and salt permeability (B) values normalized by the membrane thickness. It was found that the A and B values of the PBIs were improved with increasing the weight ratio of the imidazole rings per repeating unit, the introduction of sulfonate group as the hydrophilic group to the PBI was an effective way to enhance the A value, and the crosslinked structure enhanced the salt rejection rate (R) value while maintaining the water flux.

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Section: Effect Of the Hydrophilic Group And Crosslinked Structure Onsupporting

confidence: 88%

supporting

confidence: 81%

Effect of primary structure on permselectivity of ultrathin semipermeable polybenzimidazole membrane

Aiba

Tokuyama

Matsumoto

et al. 2014

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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“…The concentrations of various solutes available in the solution are presented in Table 1. Physical properties of the ions in the feed are depicted in Table 2 (15,16).…”

Section: Materials and Methods Feedmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Adsorption Based Correlation for Estimation of Membrane Bulk Porosity

Salehi

Madaeni

2011

Separation Science and Technology

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In this work, a new simple correlation has been derived for the prediction of the bulk porosity decline during nanofiltration of a salty (ionic) solution using the PVD membrane. This model has been developed on the basis of the adsorption of the cations available in the feed onto the membrane. Therefore, three adsorption isotherms were tested and fitted to the equilibrium adsorption data, and the Freundlich isotherm was subsequently realized as the best choice. The porosity model included two adjustable parameters which can be determined theoretically and experimentally. Adsorption isotherms were combined for the determination of the first parameter and a novel method called ''Flux test'' was developed for the other parameter estimation. A reasonable agreement was observed between experimental-and model-predicted porosity. The model's ability of estimation indicates a little decrease at higher pressures due to approaching an unfavorable equilibrium adsorption condition and deviation from the isotherm's parameters from the actual equilibrium amounts to this situation.

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“…Secondly, when the ionic charges were the same, result of the mixed cations could be explained by the hydrated ion radius. The hydrated radii of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Na + , and K + are 0.349, 0.429, 0.365, and 0.383 nm, respectively [16]. With a larger ion, its transport through the membrane is more sterically hindered [17].…”

Section: Analyses and Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

Chen

Luo

Hou

et al. 2013

Front. Environ. Sci. Eng.

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Microbial desalination cell (MDC) is a promising technology to desalinate water and generate electrical power simultaneously. The objectives of this study were to investigate the desalination performance of monovalent and divalent cations in the MDC, and discuss the effect of ion characteristics, ion concentrations, and electrical characteristics. Mixed salt solutions of NaCl, MgCl 2 , KCl, and CaCl 2 with the same concentration were used in the desalination chamber to study removal of cations. Results showed that in the mixed salt solutions, the electrodialysis desalination rates of cations were: Ca 2+ > Mg 2+ > Na + > K + . Higher ionic charges and smaller hydrated ionic radii resulted in higher desalination rates of the cations, in which the ionic charge was more important than the hydrated ionic radius. Mixed solutions of NaCl and MgCl 2 with different concentrations were used in the desalination chamber to study the effect of ion concentrations. Results showed that when ion concentrations of Na + were one-fifth to five times of Mg 2+ , ion concentration influenced the dialysis more profoundly than electrodialysis. With the current densities below a certain value, charge transfer efficiencies became very low and the dialysis was the main process responsible for the desalination. And the phosphate transfer from the anode chamber and potassium transfer from the cathode chamber could balance 1%-3% of the charge transfer in the MDC.

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Modification of the ionic composition of salt solutions by electrodialysis

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Effect of primary structure on permselectivity of ultrathin semipermeable polybenzimidazole membrane

Effect of primary structure on permselectivity of ultrathin semipermeable polybenzimidazole membrane

A New Adsorption Based Correlation for Estimation of Membrane Bulk Porosity

Comparison of the removal of monovalent and divalent cations in the microbial desalination cell

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