Modification of pomegranate waste with iron ions a green composite for removal of Pb from aqueous solution: equilibrium, thermodynamic and kinetic studies

Abstract

Pomegranate waste modified with Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions followed with carbonization were used as an adsorbent to remove the Pb2+ ions from aqueous solution. To optimum the highest adsorption efficiency, adsorption experiments were conducted on iron modified carbons by batch technique. The characteristic of composite was studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT-IR). The best pH for control of chemical adsorption was selected within pH of 6.0–6.5. It was observed that the contact time of 90 min, initial concentration 50.0 ppm, and adsorbent dose, 1.0 g/100 ml solution was found to be optimum conditions. On this condition, the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained 27.5 and 22.5 mg/g for Fe2+ and Fe3+ impregnated pomegranate peel carbons (PPC), respectively. The value of Cid, 1.584 for Fe2+-PPC and 0.552 for Fe3+-PPC, indicates that the effect of the boundary layer is more important in adsorption of Pb2+ by Fe2+-PPC and the pore diffusion is the rate limiting mechanism after 30 min. Thermodynamic parameters of Gibbs free energy, enthalpy, and entropy of Pb2+ adsorption on iron-modified carbons suggest that the adsorption process is favorable and spontaneous under the optimum condition.

Using Pomegranate Peel and Date Pit Activated Carbon for the Removal of Cadmium and Lead Ions from Aqueous Solution

“…With increasing pH, the hydrous oxides were deprotonated in addition to the decrease of the positive charges, so the sorption sites become available and the adsorption of metal ions increases [44,45], and at very high pH values (>8), the metal ions precipitated (Figure 6).…”

“…Our recent data were consistent with the Hilal et al [46] data showing 75 min as the optimum duration for the adsorption of Cd(II) and Cu(II) onto the surface of DPAC. In addition, Salmani et al [44] found that the optimum equilibrium time was 90 min for the adsorption of Pb(II) onto modified PPAC (Table 3).…”

Kinetic study of lead (Pb2+) removal from battery manufacturing wastewater using bagasse biochar as biosorbent

“…Lead (Pb 2+ ) is one of the most toxic HMs, as lowest concentration in drinking water may cause serious problems to the nervous and reproductive system, kidney, liver, brain and bony tissues (Renner 2010;Andrade et al 2015). The recommended concentration level of by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is 0.015 and 0.05 mg l −1 in drinking and wastewater, respectively (Salmani et al 2017;Gil et al 2018). The main sources of the Pb 2+ pollution are battery manufacturing industry, shooting ranges, paint industries, mining processes, chemical manufacturers, surfactants, preservatives, etc.…”

“…The removal of Pb 2+ from wastewater is accomplished by various conventional techniques like precipitation with hydroxide ion or lime, ion exchange, coagulation, electrochemical process, reverse osmosis and ion flotation (Wang and Chen 2009;Kong et al 2014;Ehrampoush et al 2015). But, these methods are expensive as well as produce secondary wastes such as persistent organic pollutants, volatile organic compounds (Salmani et al 2017;Banerjee et al 2012). Therefore, one of the most effective and low-cost techniques, adsorption, has attracted researchers for the removal of HMs from water bodies (Trans et al 2010;Uçar et al 2015).…”

“…The adsorbent was thermally modified into biochar to enhance the efficiency of adsorbent as thermal treatment increased the surface area and porosity of the adsorbent (Doke and Khan 2017). Adsorption is a surface phenomenon which depends on a number of parameters like pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, initial metal concentration, pore size, temperature, surface area (Buasri et al 2012;Nguyen et al 2013;Salmani et al 2017). The goal of the present study is to assess the effectiveness and performance of bagasse biochar for the removal of Pb 2+ from wastewater of battery manufacturing industry effluent.…”