Kinetic study of lead (Pb2+) removal from battery manufacturing wastewater using bagasse biochar as biosorbent

Abstract

Agricultural waste of bagasse was employed for investigating its lead (Pb 2+) removal potential from wastewater of battery manufacturing industry. To optimize maximum removal efficacy of the bagasse, it was thermally modified in the form of biochar. Adsorption kinetics and mechanism including various parameters (contact time, dose and pH) were studied employing biochar prepared from bagasse waste. The optimum adsorption occurred at pH 5 with 140 min. of contact time utilizing 5 g of adsorbent dosage at room temperature (25 ± 3 °C). The maximum removal efficiency was recorded as 12.741 mg g −1 with 75.376% of removal at optimum pH 5 as compared to the initial concentration in the effluent. The result illustrated the most suitable fit was for Langmuir isotherm with monolayer and homogenous adsorption of Pb 2+. The kinetics involved in the process was observed to be pseudo-second-order, which indicates chemisorption as a major phenomenon involved in the process. The characterization of the adsorbent biochar was done by SEM, EDX and FTIR analysis that provided details about ultrastructural and functionality of organic moiety present to have porous and rough surface, favoring the adsorption process. The functional groups identified by the FTIR analysis demonstrated involvement of carboxyl groups in Pb 2+ binding. Postadsorption elution of metal-loaded bagasse was executed by 0.1 M HNO 3 with about 90% of regeneration.

Agricultural waste of sugarcane bagasse as efficient adsorbent for lead and nickel removal from untreated wastewater: Biosorption, equilibrium isotherms, kinetics and desorption studies

“…This may be due to decrease in competition between metal ions and hydroxonium ions (H 3 O) in the waste water [ 39 ] and formation of oxides of lead and nickel [ 40 ]. These results also agree with many adsorption studies which report pH range of 4–6 as the optimum pH for most metal adsorption by several adsorbents [ 38 , 39 , 62 ]. This may be due to the excess amounts of OH − ions present within the solution [ 4 ].…”

“…The pH of an aqueous solution is a vital factor in the biosorption of metal ions. It determines the surface properties of the adsorbent in terms of surface charges, ionization of the functional groups and degree of dissociation of functional groups present on active sites of adsorbents [ 38 ].

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“…These functional groups originated from compounds such as phenols, aldehydes, ether, lignin aromatic compounds, and ketones (derived from cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) [ 53 , 54 ]. The shift in the IR spectra may be due to the binding interaction between the metal ion and carbon atom resulting in the formation of metal complex [ 38 , 54 , 43 ]. Furthermore [ 45 ], also revealed that complexation interactions, between metal ions and functional groups on adsorbent surface are the main driving force for adsorption mechanisms.…”

“…In addition, the negative values obtained for Temkin constant, B T (heat energy) suggest that metal uptake by sorbent materials could be an exothermic reaction [ 38 , 59 ].…”

The enhancement of reactive red 24 adsorption from aqueous solution using agricultural waste-derived biochar modified with ZnO nanoparticles

“…29 The peaks associated with the C]C groups were observed in the wavenumber range of 2349-2520 cm À1 in the FTIR spectra of both CRHB and CRHB-ZnO3 before and aer RR24 adsorption. 27 Furthermore, the peaks at 1121, 1241, and 1383 cm À1 in the FTIR spectrum of CRHB-ZnO3 before RR24 adsorption shied to 1089, 1212, and 1416 cm À1 , respectively, in the FTIR spectrum of CRHB-ZnO3 aer the adsorption of RR24. The peaks of the C]C groups represented the characteristic peak of benzene ring or the aromatic ring, which was observed at 1592 cm À1 (SBB, SBB-ZnO3 before, and SBB-ZnO3 aer RR24 adsorption) and 1582 cm À1 (CRHB, CRHB-ZnO3 before, and CRHB-ZnO3 aer the adsorption of RR24).…”