Modification of ?9-THC-actions by cannabinol and cannabidiol in the rat

Fernandes, Mário Marques; Schabarek, Ahmed; Coper, H.; Hill, Regina

doi:10.1007/bf00429130

Cited by 74 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Many interactive studies between CBD and delta9-THC were accomplished by different groups, producing seemingly contradictory results both in animals, [19][20][21] and in humans. [22][23][24] Different schedules of drug administration used in these studies may help explain the contradictions.…”

Section: Inactive Cannabinoid That Interact With Delta9-thc (1970's)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Zuardi

2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

351

302

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Section: Inactive Cannabinoid That Interact With Delta9-thc (1970's)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Zuardi

2008

Rev. Bras. Psiquiatr.

351

302

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“…For example, some investigators report that high doses of CBD increased the antinociceptive, cataleptic, and hypothermic effects of THC in mice (Fernandes et al, 1974;Karniol and Carlini, 1973), while other investigations reported CBD antagonized them (Welburn et al, 1976) (Karniol and Carlini, 1973) (Borgen and Davis, 1974) or had no effect (Sanders et al, 1979) (Jones and Pertwee, 1972b) (Ham and De Jong, 1975). Recently, Varvel et al (2006) demonstrated that equivalent doses of CBD did not substantially modify the effects of THC on locomotor activity, nociception (tail flick), rectal temperature, and catalepsy.…”

Section: Preclinical and Clinical Interactions Between Thc And Cbdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Divergent effects of cannabidiol on the discriminative stimulus and place conditioning effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Vann

Gamage

Warner

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

114

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Cannabis sativa (marijuana plant) contains myriad cannabinoid compounds; yet, investigative attention has focused almost exclusively on Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), its primary psychoactive substituent. Interest in modulation of THC's effects by these other cannabinoids [e.g., cannabidiol (CBD)] has been stimulated anew by recent approval by Canada of Sativex (a 1:1 dose ratio combination of CBD:THC) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis. The goal of this study was to determine the degree to which THC's abuse-related effects were altered by co-administration of CBD. To this end, CBD and THC were assessed alone and in combination in a two-lever THC discrimination procedure in Long-Evans rats and in a conditioned place preference/aversion (CPP/ A) model in ICR mice. CBD did not alter the discriminative stimulus effects of THC at any CBD:THC dose ratio tested. In contrast, CBD, at CBD:THC dose ratios of 1:1 and 1:10, reversed CPA produced by acute injection with 10 mg/kg THC. When administered alone, CBD did not produce effects in either procedure. These results suggest that CBD, when administered with THC at therapeutically relevant ratios, may ameliorate aversive effects (e.g., dysphoria) often associated with initial use of THC alone. While this effect may be beneficial for therapeutic usage of a CBD:THC combination medication, our discrimination results showing that CBD did not alter THC's discriminative stimulus effects suggest that CBD:THC combination medications may also produce THC-like subjective effects at these dose ratios.

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“…Studies on the interaction between ∆ 9 -THC and CBD have produced apparently contradictory results (7). Although potentiation of the effects of ∆ 9 -THC has been observed (8,9), this phenomenon probably involves pharmacokinetic interactions since CBD is a potent inhibitor of hepatic drug metabolism (10) and increases ∆ 9 -THC concentrations in the brain (11). Several studies, however, have reported antagonism of the effects of ∆ 9 -THC when both compounds are administered simultaneously to animals (12,13) or humans (6,14).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug

Zuardi

Crippa

Hallak

et al. 2006

Braz J Med Biol Res

347

218

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A high dose of ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol, the main Cannabis sativa (cannabis) component, induces anxiety and psychotic-like symptoms in healthy volunteers. These effects of ∆ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol are significantly reduced by cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabis constituent which is devoid of the typical effects of the plant. This observation led us to suspect that CBD could have anxiolytic and/or antipsychotic actions. Studies in animal models and in healthy volunteers clearly suggest an anxiolytic-like effect of CBD. The antipsychotic-like properties of CBD have been investigated in animal models using behavioral and neurochemical techniques which suggested that CBD has a pharmacological profile similar to that of atypical antipsychotic drugs. The results of two studies on healthy volunteers using perception of binocular depth inversion and ketamine-induced psychotic symptoms supported the proposal of the antipsychotic-like properties of CBD. In addition, open case reports of schizophrenic patients treated with CBD and a preliminary report of a controlled clinical trial comparing CBD with an atypical antipsychotic drug have confirmed that this cannabinoid can be a safe and well-tolerated alternative treatment for schizophrenia. Future studies of CBD in other psychotic conditions such as bipolar disorder and comparative studies of its antipsychotic effects with those produced by clozapine in schizophrenic patients are clearly indicated.

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Modification of ?9-THC-actions by cannabinol and cannabidiol in the rat

Cited by 74 publications

References 18 publications

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Cannabidiol: from an inactive cannabinoid to a drug with wide spectrum of action

Divergent effects of cannabidiol on the discriminative stimulus and place conditioning effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol

Cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent, as an antipsychotic drug

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