Modes of Action of Defensive Secondary Metabolites

Wink, Michaël; Schimmer, Oskar

doi:10.1002/9781119312994.apr0019

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 307 publications

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“…The medicinal properties used by humans are a combination of species-specific secondary metabolites in plants [ 4 ]. Unlike primary metabolites, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, chlorophyll, and nucleic acids, which are essential for plants to maintain and increase their cell number, secondary metabolites play an important role in the physiological function of plants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Unlike primary metabolites, such as carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, chlorophyll, and nucleic acids, which are essential for plants to maintain and increase their cell number, secondary metabolites play an important role in the physiological function of plants. These secondary metabolites not only play an important role in plant chemical defense of species against herbivores [ 4 , 5 ] but also engage in non-biological stresses, such as temperature, moisture, light, and changes in inorganic nutrients. Recently, it has been found to be involved in the regulation of gene expression at the cell level, or signal transmission [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Characteristics of the Growth and the Active Compounds of Angelica gigas Nakai in Cultivation Sites

Park

Jeong

et al. 2020

Plants

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The active compounds of medicinal plants vary in composition and content depending on environmental factors, such as light, temperature, and soil. According to the Korean Pharmacopoeia standards for herbal medicine, the sum of nodakenin, decursin, and decursinolangelate, which are the marker components of Korean Angelica, should be at least 6.0 g/100 g. However, the content of the components in Korean Angelica cultivated in South Korea often fall below 6.0 g/100 g, due to weather conditions and cultivation site characteristics. This study aimed to gather information about environmental factors that affect the root growth and the content of active compounds. In total, 18 cultivation sites in Pyeongchang, Jecheon, and Bonghwa regions in Korea were investigated for this study. Environmental factors, such as the monthly mean temperature, mean relative humidity, duration of sunshine, total precipitation, soil acidity, and the characteristics of soil nutrient, were investigated over the growing season from April to October 2017. As for the growth characteristics, the dry weight of roots of Korean Angelica was measured. The sum of the contents of the three active compounds was 5.3–7.0 g/100 g and the nodakenin content was 0.3–1.3 g/100 g in the cultivation sites. This study concludes that the root yields in the cultivation sites would be improved if weather conditions are maintained with similar levels as those in their natural habitats. Additionally, the environment that improves root growth did not increase the content of active compounds; however, when there was a lot of gravel or high temperatures during the growth period, the content of active compounds was relatively high.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Characteristics of the Growth and the Active Compounds of Angelica gigas Nakai in Cultivation Sites

Park

Jeong

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Plant bioactives are the secondary products of primary metabolism representing an important source of active pharmaceuticals. These have been defined as chemicals that do not appear to have a vital biochemical role in the process of building and maintaining plant cells but apparently function as defence (against herbivores, microbes, viruses or competing plants) and signal compounds (to attract pollinating or seed dispersing animals) (Beranet al, 2019;Briskin, 2000;Kaufman et al, 1999;Wink &Schimmer, 1999). Such secondary products involved in plant defence through cytotoxicity towards microbial and insect pathogens could prove useful as antimicrobials and insecticidals for human benefits (Benelliet al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alkamides: Multifunctional Bioactive Agents in Spilanthes spp.

Joshi¹,

Sharma²,

Jadhav³

2020

JSR

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Plant bioactives have always been a source of many valuable medicines. Alkamides are a class of pseudoalkalloidbioactives that are distributed among 33 medicinal plant families including Asteraceae (Compositeae). Genus SpilanthesofAsteraceae family is a storehouse of various potent alkamides. Spilanthol is considered as a key compound with its maximum concentration in the flower heads. Alkamides are pungent in taste and show analgesic and anaesthetic properties. These have been reported to exhibit significant larvicidal/insecticidal, antimicrobial, aphrodisiac, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory and immune-enhancing pharmacological activities. Also, transdermal and transmucosalbehaviour of spilanthol has been well documented. Therefore, alkamide content make this genus a promising medicinal plant with several biological and pharmacological activities. Thus, this review presents an overview of different alkamides in Spilanthes with an emphasis on their properties, distribution, pharmacological aspects and mode of administration.

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“…Plant-based pesticides are the center of attention since they are eco-friendly and conform with integrated control approaches due to GRAS (generally regarded as safe) status in terms of environmental and human health. Plant-based secondary metabolites (e.g., alkaloids, carotenoids, fats, gums, phenols, resin acids, sterols, suberins, tannins and terpenes) have actives role in ensuring self-protection against microbial pathogens and invertebrate pests (Gottlieb, 1990;Wink & Schimmer, 1999). Before the discovery of modern pesticides, plant-based nicotine and pyrethrin extracts were commonly used as insecticides in agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%