Modernization Models of the Second Half of the XX Century in a Comparative Historical Dimension

Abstract

The basic models of modernization in the second half of the XX century are considered. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the achievements and contradictions of the "catching-up" model of modernization adopted by the countries of East and SouthEast Asia. On the basis of a comparative historical analysis it was concluded that it is possible to use the experience of these countries in modernizing modern Russia.

Transformation of the Forms of Scientific Communication in a Historical Retrospective

“…As noted, in connection with the increase in the amount of information and the need to systematize the processes of development of scientific knowledge in the late 50s -early 60s. There is a massive study of the system of scientific communications by representatives of various scientific disciplines: psychologists, sociologists, and computer scientists [18]. This trend was due to the problems of the socalled -information explosion‖ and the development of the information revolution.…”

Information Revolution as a Starting Point for Building a Modern Innovative Society

“…Rapid development of information and communication technologies gave rise to new forms of scientific communication [13]. Modern communication methods are a set of tools that support operation and creation of the collaborations, social networks, email, blogging, webinars, web conferences.…”

The Philosophy of Robotics, or "Unfinished Piece for a Mechanical Person"

“…The principles were called the three laws of robotics: the first law is A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm; the second law is A robot must obey the orders given it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law; The third law is A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Laws. I will not touch upon the problem of introducing robots into the industry, since this is not the topic of my research; I note only that one of the first industrial manipulators was developed only in 1948 for servicing nuclear power plants, which became largely feasible due to the introduction of cybernetic approaches in robotics [4]. It can also be said that computing technology, figuratively, "Turing machine" and cybernetics, which declared themselves together with the publication of N. Wiener's book "Cybernetics, or control and communication in animal and machine" (1948), became a turning point in the development of modern robotics and its specific directionthe humanized machinethe intellectual robot with a high degree of feedback from its creator.…”