Moderne technische Phenol‐Synthesen II
Abstract: Die beiden klassischen Verfahren der Phenol‐Synthese, die Alkalischmelze von benzolsulfonsaurem Natrium und die alkalische Hydrolyse von Chlorbenzol, werden einander gegenübergestellt und deren Vor‐ und Nachteile diskutiert, während einige neuere technisch noch nicht ausgereifte Verfahren nur kurz gestreift werden.
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Cited by 2 publications
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The article contains sections titled: 1. Cresols 1.1. Physical Properties 1.2. Chemical Properties 1.3. Formation and Isolation 1.3.1. Isolation from Coal Tars 1.3.2. Recovery from Spent Refinery Caustics 1.4. Production 1.4.1. Alkali Fusion of Toluenesulfonates 1.4.2. Alkaline Chlorotoluene Hydrolysis 1.4.3. Cymene Hydroperoxide Cleavage 1.4.4. Methylation of Phenol 1.4.5. Other Routes 1.5. Separation of m ‐ and p ‐Cresol 1.5.1. Physicochemical Processes 1.5.2. Separation via Addition Compounds 1.5.3. Separation via Ester or Salt Formation 1.5.4. Separation by Nuclear Substitution 1.6. Quality Specifications and Analysis 1.7. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 1.8. Uses 1.9. Economic Aspects 2. Xylenols 2.1. Properties 2.2. Isolation 2.3. Separation 2.4. Production 2.5. Quality Specifications and Analysis 2.6. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 2.7. Uses 2.8. Economic Aspects 3. Environmental Protection 4. Toxicology and Occupational Health
The article contains sections titled: 1. Cresols 1.1. Physical Properties 1.2. Chemical Properties 1.3. Formation and Isolation 1.3.1. Isolation from Coal Tars 1.3.2. Recovery from Spent Refinery Caustics 1.4. Production 1.4.1. Alkali Fusion of Toluenesulfonates 1.4.2. Alkaline Chlorotoluene Hydrolysis 1.4.3. Cymene Hydroperoxide Cleavage 1.4.4. Methylation of Phenol 1.4.5. Other Routes 1.5. Separation of m ‐ and p ‐Cresol 1.5.1. Physicochemical Processes 1.5.2. Separation via Addition Compounds 1.5.3. Separation via Ester or Salt Formation 1.5.4. Separation by Nuclear Substitution 1.6. Quality Specifications and Analysis 1.7. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 1.8. Uses 1.9. Economic Aspects 2. Xylenols 2.1. Properties 2.2. Isolation 2.3. Separation 2.4. Production 2.5. Quality Specifications and Analysis 2.6. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 2.7. Uses 2.8. Economic Aspects 3. Environmental Protection 4. Toxicology and Occupational Health
Phenol wird in wachsenden Mengen benötigt. Das Cumol/Phenol‐Verfahren, das Raschig‐Verfahren und das Toluol/Phenol‐Verfahren gewannen damit besonders an Interesse. Neben einigen anderen Verfahren, Phenol herzustellen, werden deswegen die technologischen Grundlagen und Verbesserungen dieser Verfahren ausführlich behandelt.
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