The article contains sections titled: 1. Alkylphenols 1.1. Physical Properties 1.2. Chemical Properties 1.3. Occurrence, Formation, Isolation 1.4. Production, General 1.4.1. Alkylation of Phenols 1.4.2. Other General Processes 1.5. Industrially Important Alkylphenols 1.5.1. Polymethylphenols 1.5.2. Ethylphenols 1.5.3. Isopropylphenols 1.5.4. sec ‐Butylphenols 1.5.5. tert ‐Butylphenols 1.5.6. tert ‐Pentylphenols 1.5.7. Higher Alkylphenols 1.5.8. Cycloalkylphenols 1.5.9. Aralkylphenols 1.5.10. Alkenylphenols 1.5.11. Indanols 2. Catechol 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Production 2.4. Uses 2.5. Economic Aspects 2.6. Toxicology 3. Trihydroxybenzenes 3.1. Pyrogallol 3.2. Hydroxyhydroquinone 3.3. Phloroglucinol 4. Bisphenols (Bishydroxyarylalkanes) 4.1. Physical Properties 4.2. Chemical Properties 4.3. Production 4.4. Analysis, Testing, Storage 4.5. Uses, Economic Aspects 4.6. Toxicology 5. Hydroxybiphenyls 5.1. Physical Properties 5.2. Chemical Properties 5.3. Production 5.4. Analysis, Quality Specifications, Storage 5.5. Uses 5.6. Toxicology 6. Phenol Ethers 6.1. Properties 6.2. Production 6.3. Representative Phenol Ethers 7. Halogen Derivatives of Phenolic Compounds 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Representative Compounds

The article contains sections titled: 1. Cresols 1.1. Physical Properties 1.2. Chemical Properties 1.3. Formation and Isolation 1.3.1. Isolation from Coal Tars 1.3.2. Recovery from Spent Refinery Caustics 1.4. Production 1.4.1. Alkali Fusion of Toluenesulfonates 1.4.2. Alkaline Chlorotoluene Hydrolysis 1.4.3. Cymene Hydroperoxide Cleavage 1.4.4. Methylation of Phenol 1.4.5. Other Routes 1.5. Separation of m ‐ and p ‐Cresol 1.5.1. Physicochemical Processes 1.5.2. Separation via Addition Compounds 1.5.3. Separation via Ester or Salt Formation 1.5.4. Separation by Nuclear Substitution 1.6. Quality Specifications and Analysis 1.7. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 1.8. Uses 1.9. Economic Aspects 2. Xylenols 2.1. Properties 2.2. Isolation 2.3. Separation 2.4. Production 2.5. Quality Specifications and Analysis 2.6. Handling, Storage, and Transportation 2.7. Uses 2.8. Economic Aspects 3. Environmental Protection 4. Toxicology and Occupational Health

57%) (3a), (98.6% pure); IR (CC14): v = 1755 (ester carbonyl) and 1805 (four-membered ring carbonyl) cm-'; 'H-(m, CHCHz) and 3.76 (s, OCH3). NMR (CDC13): 6 = 1.11 (s, CH3), 1.32 (s, CH3), 2.80-3.50 Received: May 22, 1981 [Z 838 IE] German version: Angew. Chem. 93, 805 (1981) [I] a) L. Ghosez. M . J. O'Donnel in

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Die Diazachinone [I .4-Dihydrophthalazindione-( I .4)] 3 und 4 werden aus den Mononatriumsalzen der entsprechenden Hydrazide dargestellt, welche bei 430 nm stark chemilumineszieren. Ebenso verhalten sich 3 und 4 beim Mischen ihrer acetonischen Losungen mit waBriger Natronlauge und Wasserstoffperoxid oder Luft. Ein EinfluR von Hamin oder Diimin auf diese Chemilumineszenz wird nicht beobachtet. Der EinfluB der Wasserstoffperoxid-und Natriumhydroxid-Konzentration auf die Quantenausbeute ist vereinbar mit der Bildung eines cyclischen Peroxids (vgl. S . 152) als wesentlicher Zwischenstufe der Luminol-Chemilumineszenz. Das relativ stabile Diazachinon 4 wird auch bei der chemilumineszenten Oxydation waBrig-alkalischer Losungen von Anthracen-dicarbonsaure-(2.3)-hydrazid (10) mit tert.-Butylhypochlorit gebildet. Constitution and Chemiluminescerrce. I V ' 1. Chemiluminescence of Diazaquinones. Mechanism for the Chemiluminescent Reaction of Cyclic Diacylic HydrazidesThe diazaquinones (phthalazine-l,4-diones) 3 and 4 are synthetized from the mono sodium salts of the corresponding hydrazides which chemiluminesce strongly near 430 nm. So do 3 and 4 on mixing their acetone solutions with aqueous sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide or air. No influence of hemin or diimine on this chemiluminescence is observed. The effect of hydrogen peroxide and of sodium hydroxide concentration on the quantum yield of 4 chemiluminescence is compatible with the formation of a cyclic peroxide (p. 152) as the key intermediate of luminol chemiluminescence. The relatively stable diazaquinonr 4 is also formed duringthe chemiluminescent oxidation of aqueous alkaline solutions of anthracene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid hydrazide by tert. butyl hypochlorite.