Phenol Derivatives

Abstract

The article contains sections titled: 1. Alkylphenols 1.1. Physical Properties 1.2. Chemical Properties 1.3. Occurrence, Formation, Isolation 1.4. Production, General 1.4.1. Alkylation of Phenols 1.4.2. Other General Processes 1.5. Industrially Important Alkylphenols 1.5.1. Polymethylphenols 1.5.2. Ethylphenols 1.5.3. Isopropylphenols 1.5.4. sec ‐Butylphenols 1.5.5. tert ‐Butylphenols 1.5.6. tert ‐Pentylphenols 1.5.7. Higher Alkylphenols 1.5.8. Cycloalkylphenols 1.5.9. Aralkylphenols 1.5.10. Alkenylphenols 1.5.11. Indanols 2. Catechol 2.1. Physical Properties 2.2. Chemical Properties 2.3. Production 2.4. Uses 2.5. Economic Aspects 2.6. Toxicology 3. Trihydroxybenzenes 3.1. Pyrogallol 3.2. Hydroxyhydroquinone 3.3. Phloroglucinol 4. Bisphenols (Bishydroxyarylalkanes) 4.1. Physical Properties 4.2. Chemical Properties 4.3. Production 4.4. Analysis, Testing, Storage 4.5. Uses, Economic Aspects 4.6. Toxicology 5. Hydroxybiphenyls 5.1. Physical Properties 5.2. Chemical Properties 5.3. Production 5.4. Analysis, Quality Specifications, Storage 5.5. Uses 5.6. Toxicology 6. Phenol Ethers 6.1. Properties 6.2. Production 6.3. Representative Phenol Ethers 7. Halogen Derivatives of Phenolic Compounds 7.1. Introduction 7.2. Representative Compounds

Some properties of Bacillus subtilis probiotic supplements from byproducts of agricultural complex

“…Terpenoids represented more than 30% of identified substances in the fermented beet pulp. Another component was guaiacol that is widely used for suppressing putrefactive bacteria in an intestine (Fiege et al, 2000). Our solid-state fermentation process resulted in immobilization of probiotics on phyto-carriers followed by biofilm formation, что повышает выживаемость бактерий в неблагоприятных условиях внешней среды, включая высушивание, грануляцию, а также кислые условия желудка.…”

Determination Amount of Bisphenol A in Drugs and Water Drinking Container in Khartoum State, Sudan

“…The reaction is catalyzed by a strong acid, such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) or a sulfonated polystyrene resin. Industrially, a large excess of phenol is used to ensure full condensation; the product mixture of the cumene process (acetone and phenol) may also be used as starting material [5].…”

“…World production capacity of this compound was 1 million tons in the 1980s, [5] and more than 2.2 million tons in 2009. [6] and thus belongs to the high production volume chemicals.…”

Hydroarylation of arenes with styrenes using Montmorillonite K-10 as an efficient, selective, and recyclable catalyst

“…Hence, the review of literature suggests that there are still challenges in developing a greener and metal free protocol for the hydroarylation of arenes. In contrast, Bronsted solid acids (20,21) catalyzed methods have gained important attention over the decades and now they are widely preferred for various organic transformations. Among the several solid acid catalysts Montmorillonite K-10 is a one of the inexpensive, greener, and commercially available catalyst (22Á26).…”