Modern Trends for the Development of a Multiomodal Cargo Transport System
Abstract: Державний університет інфраструктури та технологій СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ МУЛЬТИМОДАЛЬНОЇ СИСТЕМИ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯ ВАНТАЖІВ У статті розроблено концептуальні положення щодо розвитку мультимодальних перевезень в Україні, які здійснюються залізничним, автомобільним та морським видами транспорту у напряму створення національної мультимодальної компанії для надання повного комплексу логістичних послуг. Авторами розглянуті фактори, які перешкоджають розвитку мультимодальних перевезень в Україні, а також приділено ос… Show more
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Cited by 3 publications
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Purpose. The most common type of technological transport in open pit mines is automobile, which uses dump trucks with a capacity of 45 to 220 tons. The rock mass transportation volume with the use of motor transport at the iron ore industry is more than 350 million tons per year, or 27% of the total volume of open pit mines in the industry. Most of Ukraine’s high-capacity iron mines are forced to work in the conditions of intensification of mining operations, constant deepening and complication of mining and geological conditions. With increasing the depth of mines there is an increase of 1.3-1.7 times the transportation volume relative to the volume of the shipped rock mass and, as a consequence, a decrease in the efficiency of technological vehicles. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of using BELAZ open-pit dump trucks during loading and unloading operations on the efficiency. This will allow to develop the management measures to implement effective transport technologies aimed at reducing the cost of open pit iron ore mining and purposefully influence these production processes. Methodology. In order to solve the set tasks, the methods of technical-economic, correlation-regression, factor and situational analysis were used (to study the operation of open-pit dump trucks at mining enterprises). In order to formalize the methods of improving the efficiency of equipment and transport technologies, the methodology of operational accounting of mining conditions of open-pit dump trucks operation at mining enterprises was used. To assess the economic efficiency of the proposed management system of mining activities of open-pit dump trucks, a method of comparative economic analysis was proposed. Findings. The results of the research are practically implemented in the real conditions of operation of open-pit dump trucks and the economic effect of the implementation of the proposed measures is determined. Originality. The obtained results are practically implemented in the real conditions of operation of open-pit dump trucks and the economic effect of the implementation of the proposed measures is determined. Practical value. The forms of functional connection are substantiated and analytical dependences between the indicators characterizing the use efficiency of open-pit dump trucks during the technological transportations of iron ore and the time needed for loading and unloading operations are received. This dependency allows determining the reserves for improving the operation efficiency of open-pit dump trucks and the economic effect from the implementation of the measures proposed.
Purpose. The most common type of technological transport in open pit mines is automobile, which uses dump trucks with a capacity of 45 to 220 tons. The rock mass transportation volume with the use of motor transport at the iron ore industry is more than 350 million tons per year, or 27% of the total volume of open pit mines in the industry. Most of Ukraine’s high-capacity iron mines are forced to work in the conditions of intensification of mining operations, constant deepening and complication of mining and geological conditions. With increasing the depth of mines there is an increase of 1.3-1.7 times the transportation volume relative to the volume of the shipped rock mass and, as a consequence, a decrease in the efficiency of technological vehicles. The purpose of this work is to analyze the influence of using BELAZ open-pit dump trucks during loading and unloading operations on the efficiency. This will allow to develop the management measures to implement effective transport technologies aimed at reducing the cost of open pit iron ore mining and purposefully influence these production processes. Methodology. In order to solve the set tasks, the methods of technical-economic, correlation-regression, factor and situational analysis were used (to study the operation of open-pit dump trucks at mining enterprises). In order to formalize the methods of improving the efficiency of equipment and transport technologies, the methodology of operational accounting of mining conditions of open-pit dump trucks operation at mining enterprises was used. To assess the economic efficiency of the proposed management system of mining activities of open-pit dump trucks, a method of comparative economic analysis was proposed. Findings. The results of the research are practically implemented in the real conditions of operation of open-pit dump trucks and the economic effect of the implementation of the proposed measures is determined. Originality. The obtained results are practically implemented in the real conditions of operation of open-pit dump trucks and the economic effect of the implementation of the proposed measures is determined. Practical value. The forms of functional connection are substantiated and analytical dependences between the indicators characterizing the use efficiency of open-pit dump trucks during the technological transportations of iron ore and the time needed for loading and unloading operations are received. This dependency allows determining the reserves for improving the operation efficiency of open-pit dump trucks and the economic effect from the implementation of the measures proposed.
Purpose. This study aims to assess the regional market concentration of multimodal transport (on the example of the Zaporizhzhia region) and the distribution of "market power" in the freight transport segment between market participants in multimodal transportation. Design/methodology/approach. Authors in the article used the literature review method to substantiate the importance of identifying competition and distinguishing it among other related concepts in the development of regional markets for multimodal transportation by disclosing the specifics of their geographical location, availability of water resources, the establishment of logistics infrastructure, the volume of export-import flows of goods and other essential features in the process of an integrated approach to the formation of the regional market for multimodal transportation and, thus, to justify the relevance of the research topic. The market concentration of multimodal transport in the Zaporizhia region (using: concentration index, Lind index, Herfindahl–Hirschman index, and Gini index) allowed us to identify the company that forms the “core” of the market and determines its role in shaping the market. (According to analytical calculations, this includes PJSC “Ukrzaliznytsia”). The conducted analytical analyses allowed to suggest directions of development for the regional multimodal transportations market, particularly the identification of competition levels. Findings. Were proved the hypothesis concerning the need to eliminate the market monopolization of multimodal transportation in the Zaporizhzhia region and strengthen intra-industry and intersectoral competition in it. In particular, the development of the regional market of multimodal transportation should meet the industry needs and take into account the sectoral and regional peculiarities of all transport modes' functioning to develop multimodal technologies of cargo transportation. Practical implications. This study's results are of interest to multimodal transport market operators and cargo owners who are interested in the active implementation of logistics concept into regions development, the practical implementation of which should be, in particular, the intensification centers of cargo handling. These centers are entrusted with the functions of transshipment of goods from one to other transport modes, the allocation of links in the integrated transport chain, the formation of economic development centers in certain regions. This involves, in particular, the construction of multimodal regional clusters. In this way, it is expected to increase the involvement of cargo flows in the regions, the development (intra-industry – between different participants in the transportation process of goods; intersectoral – between different modes of transport in the area; commodity competition – under the conditions of transition to cargo substitute transportation; geographical – in terms of goods delivery by an alternative route); growth of employment in the freight sector and other related industries, etc. The evaluation results of the development of multimodal cargo transportation can be taken into account by the Coordination Council for Logistics at the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine to form strategic foundations for the country’s logistics system development. The components of such a strategy should relate to the improvement of multimodal freight transport, the optimization of regional and interregional transport cooperation, the progress of the management of logistics supply chains; increasing the profitability of the transport sector, the formation of economic benefits from the trade development, the national economy cooperation, and development. Originality/value. Assessing the concentration of regional markets will provide an analytical basis in the process of forming a mechanism to ensure the efficiency of multimodal freight comprehensively and minimize interregional asymmetries: the levels of cargo flow by the stated needs of consumers; state of transport and logistics infrastructure; provision of all types of transportation method, service levels, etc.
Features of the Regional Market Cargo Transportation Market Development in Kherson Region
Objective. The purpose of the study is to identify the specifics of the development of the regional freight transportation market in the Kherson region, taking into account advanced transportation technologies and assessing the concentration of the freight transportation market. Design/methodology/approach. The following research methods were used: problem-oriented (in terms of identifying the problems of the freight transportation market and factors influencing it); logical generalization, analysis and synthesis (to formulate conclusions about the prospects for the development of the multimodal freight transportation market in the region); structural and factual analysis (to analyze the structure and dynamics of freight transportation parameters); index method (to determine the concentration of the regional multimodal freight transportation market using indices). Conclusions. The analysis of the elemental structure of the logistics system of the Kherson region with the participation of water transport showed a developed infrastructure of cargo transportation and ample opportunities for focusing participants around the centers of the transportation process. The asymmetry of price competition for access to port berths and roadside transshipment was revealed, which distorts equal working conditions for cargo transportation market participants and modifies the structure of cargo transshipment and, accordingly, the centers of dominance in the target markets of multimodal transportation. Prioritizing the export of bulk cargo and import of containerized cargo in the Kherson region requires the development of a transport policy that would ensure the freight independence of cargo flows, and the identified unstable dynamics of the geography of transportation routes in the region requires the expansion of alternatives for choosing parameters and directions for the development of transportation technologies for servicing local cargo flows. It is also necessary to balance the existing advanced development of the grain cargo delivery infrastructure against the capacity of their one-time storage in grain terminals in ports. It has been established that the multimodal transportation market of the Kherson region (as of 2021) is characterized by an uneven distribution of market shares between transport enterprises, is highly concentrated, with a low level of competition and the threat of monopolization. Market power in the “market core” is evenly distributed among PJSC “Ukrzaliznytsia”, SE “Kherson Commercial Sea Port”, and LLC JV “Nibulon”. The Herfindahl – Hirschman index confirmed the concentration of power among these three enterprises, identified by the concentration index, which amounted to 80.87 %. The lower share of the transport sector of the Kherson region in the total economic activity of cranes in the period 2015–2020 in favor of other industries was identified, and therefore the insufficient level of meeting the production and non-production needs of consumers in the region in all types of cargo transportation. Practical implications. The results of this study are of interest to multimodal transportation market operators and cargo owners who are interested in actively implementing the logistics concept in regional development and building multimodal regional clusters. In this way, it is expected to increase the attraction of cargo flows to the regions, the development of competition; employment growth in the freight transportation sector and other related industries. The results of the assessment of the development of multimodal freight transportation can be taken into account by the Logistics Coordination Council under the Ministry of Infrastructure of Ukraine when forming the strategic framework for the development of the country‟s logistics system. Originality/value. Assessment of the concentration of regional markets will provide an analytical basis in the process of forming a mechanism for ensuring the integrated efficiency of multimodal transportation of goods and minimizing interregional asymmetries: in terms of levels of cargo flows in accordance with the stated needs of consumers; the state of transport and logistics infrastructure; availability of all types of vehicles, service levels, etc.
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