Analysing the transportation of goods as one of the constituent elements of the transport system, it can be argued that container transport today occupies a leading position in the delivery of goods throughout the world. According to statistics, the total volume of container traffic in the first two months of 2018 was approximately 26 million TEU (twenty-foot equivalent unit is a conventional unit of measure for the capacity of freight vehicles, namely, a 20-foot container), which is 6.7% more than the same index last year. Positive growth rates of container traffic indicate the relevance and scale of this type of transport. Also, thanks to the rapid development of intermodal and multimodal transportation, the volumes of cargo delivery in containers are increasing. Resulting from this, the container transport system, the main components of which are containers and container terminals, can be considered and analyzed as a technology for the conservation of resources.
The article is devoted to the analysis and systematized generalization of the totality of scientific facts that objectively characterize various aspects of life and activities of the thirteenth Minister of Railways of the Russian Empire, Adolf Yakovych Hiubbenet. In preparing the work were used, historical, comparative and biographical methods which made it possible to systematize and critically evaluate the sources used, compare assessment results of A.Ya. Hiubbenet by various authors, to highlight the main thing in the current state of studying the topic and the results of other researchers, to give a description of previous works on this issue and clearly separate the issues haven’t been solved yet. The sources analysis allowed giving an objective assessment of the contribution made by A.Ya. Hiubbenet into projects of nation-wide significance devoted to the subordination of the railway affairs to the state control, settlement of railway tariffs, subordination of railway tariffs to government supervision, determination of the access roads state and many others. It has been shoved that being the Minister of Railways A.Ya. Hiubbenet played an important role in the Institute of the Corps of Civil Engineers established in St. Petersburg. The paper has analyzed multi-vector activity of A.Ya. Hiubbenet as Minister of Railways of the Russian Empire. Based on assessments comparison made by various researchers as for measures adopted by A.Ya. Hiubbenet to improve the waterways of the Russian Empire, his role in solving the problem on restructuring of the Mariinska water system as a large-scale nationwide project, which provided for an immediate survey of all artificial waterways of the state with a view to resolving the issue of their future use has been shown. The paper establishes that due to A.Ya. Hiubbenet, the project quickly found support and was approved in 1890 by Emperor Alexander III, thanks to which the Special Commission was created, which in 1890-1892 researched Vyshnevolotsky, Berezinsky, Ohinsky and Dnipro-Bug water systems. This allowed us to outline a number of measures to improve radically and rapidly develop the waterways of the Russian Empire. The use of the biographical method allowed considering the personality of the thirteenth Minister of Communications of the Russian Empire Adolf Yakovych Hiubbenet as an individual, which made it possible to re-evaluate his life path.
The article is devoted to the historical analysis of development and improvement of electrotechnical equipment that was developed and applied in the USSR to conduct works on welding and related technologies in space in the period from the 60s to the 90s of the last century and to assess the contribution of Ukrainian scientists in this field.
The article highlights life and work activity of Russian engineer, the scientist in the field of transport, general-lieutenant, the first Minister of Railway Transport of the Russian Empire Pavel Petrovych Melnykov (1804–1880). The main stages of his life and activity, in particular, his contribu-tion to the railway network construction in the Russian Empire, the role in the development of rail transport, in particular in the development of locomotive and car building are shown in chronological order. The scientist critically studied the best achievements of foreign scientific and technical thought and through his researches made a significant contribution to the global transport science.
Історія науки і техніки, 2017, вип. 10 56 12. Бовыкин В.И. Очерки истории внешней политики России. Конец ХІХ в. -1917 г. -Москва, 1960. -215 с. 13. Лившин Я.И. Монополии в экономике России. Экономика организации и политика монопольного капитала / Я.И. Лившин. -Москва: Соцгиз, 1961. -447 с. 14. Бескровный Л. Армия и флот России в начале ХХ века. Очерки военноэкономического потенциала / Л. Бескровный -Москва : Наука, 1986. -240 c. 15. Хусаинов Ф.И. Нерегулируемые железнодорожные тарифы: российский опыт 1850-1880-х годов / Ф.И. Хусаинов // Бюллетень транспортной информации. -2009. -№ 8. -С.15-22. 16. Под флагом России: История зарождения и развития морского флота. -Москва : Согласие, 1995. -568 с. Петрученко А.А. С.Ю. Витте о значении железных дорог в становлении и развитии торговой мореходности В статье представлено процесс взаимоотношений железных дорог и морских портов. В основе анализа статья С.Ю. Витте «Русские порты и железнодорожные тарифы». С.Ю. Витте стремился выяснить насколько является справедливой критика действующей на то время тарифной политики Юго-Западных железных дорог и выяснить, в какой мере действительно интересы отечественных портов могут быть поддержаны железнодорожными тарифами. В первую очередь Сергей Юлиевич сделал акцент на том, что данный вопрос должен полностью решаться исключительно на государственном уровне. Он был убежден, что нужна четкая норма, которая бы устанавливала общие правила для всех, без исключения, железных дорог, независимо от форм собственности. Ведь железная дорога не может произвольно распоряжаться движением грузов, она должна работать в соответствии с общественно-хозяйственными законами. Ключевые слова: железная дорога, порт, тарифы, экономическая политика, промышленность.
Petruchenko A.A. S.Vitte about the importance of railways in the formation and development of commercial seaworthinessThe article presents the process of relations between railways and sea ports. The analysis is based on the article by S.Vitte «Russian ports and railway tariffs». S.Vitte tried to find out how fair the criticism of the current tariff policy of the South-Western Railways was and to find out to what extent the interests of domestic ports could really be supported by railroad tariffs. First and foremost, Sergei Julievich emphasized that this issue should be fully addressed exclusively at the state level. He was convinced that a clear norm was needed that would establish general rules for all, without exception, railways, regardless of the form of ownership. After all, the railway cannot arbitrarily dispose of the movement of goods, it must work in accordance with social-economic laws.
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