Moderating Effects of Hardiness and optimism on negative life events and coping self-efficacy in first-year undergraduate students

Abstract

Introducción: Este estudio analiza el papel de la resistencia y el optimismo en los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento en 228 estudiantes universitarios de primer año de la Universidad de Lorestan (Irán). El objetivo del estudio era doble: (1) analizar las asociaciones entre resistencia, optimismo, eventos de vida negativos y autoeficacia de afrontamiento; y (2) determinar si la resistencia y el optimismo moderan la relación entre los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento.
 Método: Este estudio correlacional descriptivo se realizó en el año escolar 2016-17. En este estudio, al principio seleccionamos 228 estudiantes. Luego, los estudiantes completaron el Cuestionario de Eventos de la Vida Adolescente (ALEQ), la Prueba de Orientación de la Vida revisada (LOT-R), la Escala de Resistencia de Kobasa y la Escala de Autoeficacia (CSE). Se utilizaron análisis jerárquicos de regresión lineal para examinar el papel moderador de la resistencia y el optimismo.
 Resultados: Los resultados revelan que existe una relación significativa entre resistencia, optimismo, eventos vitales negativos y autoeficacia de afrontamiento. La resistencia y el optimismo también fueron moderadores en la relación entre los eventos negativos de la vida y la autoeficacia de afrontamiento.
 Conclusión: Los hallazgos respaldaron la hipótesis de que niveles más altos de resistencia y optimismo se asociarían con niveles más altos de autoeficacia de afrontamiento, y que niveles más bajos de resistencia y optimismo se asociarían con niveles más bajos de autoeficacia de afrontamiento. Finalmente, nuestros resultados implican que la resistencia y el optimismo son un moderador importante de los eventos negativos de la vida del estudiante sobre la autoeficacia de afrontamiento. Introduction. This study analyzes the role of Hardiness and optimism on negative life events and coping self-efficacy in 228 first-year undergraduate students from lorestan university (iran). The aim of the study was two-fold: (1) to analyze the associations between Hardiness, optimism, negative life events and coping self-efficacy; and (2) to determine whether Hardiness and optimism moderates the relationship between negative life events and coping self-efficacy.
 Method. This descriptive correlational study was conducted in the school year of 2016-17. In this study, at first we selected 228 students. Then the students completed the Adolescent Life Events Questionnaire (ALEQ), Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R), Kobasa's Hardiness Scale, and Coping Self-Efficacy Scale (CSE). Hierarchical linear regression analyses were used to examine the moderating role of Hardiness and optimism.
 Results. Results reveal that there is a significant Relationship between Hardiness, optimism, negative life events and coping self-efficacy. Hardiness and optimism was also a moderator in the relationship between negative life events and coping self-efficacy.
 Conclusion. The findings supported the hypothesis that higher levels of Hardiness and optimism would be associated with higher levels of Coping Self-Efficacy, and that lower levels of Hardiness and optimism would be associated with lower levels of Coping Self-Efficacy. Finally, our results imply that Hardiness and optimism is an important moderator of student’s negative life events on Coping Self-Efficacy.

Psychological hardiness and optimism: A study among orphans and non-orphans

“…The findings are similar to the results of the study conducted by Abbasi et al (2020) on "Moderating effects of resilience and optimism on negative life events and coping self-efficacy in undergraduate first-year students". The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between Hardiness, optimism, negative life events and coping self-efficacy.…”

Keterkaitan Kepribadian Hardiness Dengan Optimisme Dalam Mencari Pekerjaan Pada Dewasa Awal

“…Memiliki sikap optimisme individu akan terhindar dari depresi dan apatis yang berkepanjangan, sehingga individu akan merasa lebih bahagia, mampu berpikir jernih, dan dampaknya adalah tercipta rasa nyaman (Harpan, 2015). Seseorang yang memiliki sikap optimis akan cenderung memiliki harapan yang positif terhadap masa depan (Abbasi, Ghadampour, Hojati, & Senobar, 2020). Seseorang yang optimis juga akan membawa mereka untuk berusaha lebih keras dalam mewujudkan masa depannya meskipun mengalami kesulitan (Musabiq & Meinarno, 2017).…”

Examining the impact of fatalism belief and optimism orientation on seismic preparedness: Considering their roles in the nexus between risk perception and preparedness

“…Self‐efficacy refers to an individual's perception that he or she has the ability to effectively reduce or control threats (Rotter, 1992), which is positively related to disaster preparedness (Becker et al, 2013; Lindell & Whitney, 2000). Recent empirical studies have indicated that optimists who are convinced that what they do will pay off possess a high level of self‐efficacy (Abbasi et al, 2020; Biron et al, 2020), which makes them tend to believe that they possess the ability of preparedness and that this preparedness is effective. Moreover, existing studies on coping strategies hold that optimists may gain an advantage when dealing with dilemmas (including earthquakes) from their proactive coping strategies, such as solving problems and seeking social support (Carver et al, 1989, 2010; Fontaine et al, 1993; Scheier et al, 1986).…”

“…In the past two decades, there has been a consensus that optimism is an individual variable that reflects the extent to which people hold generalized favourable expectations for their future (Carver et al, 2010). Recent mainstream literature has continued to use this definition (Abbasi et al, 2020; Biron et al, 2020; Harris & Hahn, 2011). Thus, it can be considered that a person with a high level of optimism orientation has good expectations for his or her future.…”

“…Self-efficacy refers to an individual's perception that he or she has the ability to effectively reduce or control threats (Rotter, 1992), which is positively related to disaster preparedness (Becker et al, 2013;Lindell & Whitney, 2000). Recent empirical studies have indicated that optimists who are convinced that what they do will pay off possess a high level of self-efficacy (Abbasi et al, 2020;Biron et al, 2020), which makes them tend to believe that they possess the ability of preparedness and that this preparedness is effective.…”