Models of soil compaction due to traffic and their evaluation

Défossez, Pauline; Richard, Guy

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(02)00030-2

Cited by 150 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, these results showed a greater bearing capacity in the areas of traffic rows due to crossings and improving 'riding' of these tracks and create conditions for reducing rolling resistance, which is not contrary with the results of other authors (Keller and Arvidsson, 2004;Kovaříček et al, 2014;Defossez and Richard, 2002).…”

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confidence: 60%

Evaluation Of Soil Physical Properties In System With Permanent Traffic Lanes Practised In 10 Ha Field

Gutu

Hůla

Kroulík

2015

Acta Technologica Agriculturae

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The paper deals with basic soil physical properties as affected by wheel traffic. Agricultural land is, in varying degrees, exposed to the pressures exerted by running parts of tractors, harvesting machinery and transport equipment. Damaging the soil by compaction increases the energy efficiency, deteriorates the quality of tillage, may reduce crop yields and is associated with environmental risks that accompany water erosion. The selection of results from field trials demonstrates the positive effect of the reduction of level crossings on the results of physical and mechanical properties of the soil.Keywords: soil compaction; controlled traffic farming; soil physical and mechanical properties A GPS satellite system with the RTK VRS correction signal was used for the navigation of machines during soil tillage, sowing, application of chemicals for plant protection, application of mineral fertilizers and during harvest. An assisted steering system AgGPS EZ-STEER Trimble has been used for machines steering (since 2012 upgrading to EZ-PILOT and Autopilot Trimble).On the experimental field, the soil properties were evaluated in four variants of wheel effect: Variant 1 -Traffic lanes including application of chemicals for plant protection and mineral fertilizers (spraying rows); Variant 2 -Traffic lanes without application of chemicals for plant protection and mineral fertilizers (sown rows); Variant 3 -Outside the traffic lanes; Variant 4 -Random traffic. Random traffic was applied in the area of 3 ha within the experimental field.During the soil tillage, trajectory rides of machines sets were shifted in navigation in the part of field with random passages (in the direction of other passages). This results in an increase of soil surface with passages by 32% during the season. Table 1 and Figure 1 document the field operations and machines used for work operations.Penetration resistance measurements were made at 0.04 m intervals, in the depth from 0.04 m to 0.40 m, with a handpushed, recording penetrometer PN-10 penetrologger (CULS Prague, Czech Republic). Penetration resistance measurements were repeated ten times. The penetrometer had a 30° cone angle with an area of 1 cm 2 . Total soil porosity was evaluated by means of undisturbed soil samples taken into Kopecky's rings (100 cm 3 ). The samples were processed in the standard way described by Valla et al. (2008). To measure the shear stress of soil, a CL-100 vane probe (Terratest) was used ( Figure 2). The method is used for determining the cohesion of the soil. The lamellas head device is pressed into the soil after cutting the soil to a plane. After inserting fins into the soil, the lamellas head rotates with a constant velocity. After overcoming limits, the soil between the lamellas and the soil layer is separated. Detected scale reading on the device is expressed as shear stress. The same method of measuring was used for measuring the shearing stress and strength of clods after soil treatment.STATISTICA 12 with the analysis tool ANOVA was used for statistical e...

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confidence: 60%

Evaluation Of Soil Physical Properties In System With Permanent Traffic Lanes Practised In 10 Ha Field

Gutu

Hůla

Kroulík

2015

Acta Technologica Agriculturae

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“…Neste ensaio são obtidos a tensão de preconsolidação, o índice de compressão, o índice de recompressão, coesão e ângulo de atrito interno do solo (Arvidsson & Keller, 2004). Poodt et al (2003) identificaram a coesão e a tensão de preconsolidação como sendo os parâmetros mais importantes na previsão de risco à compactação subsuperficial e são parâmetros extensamente usados em modelos de compactação (Defossez & Richard, 2002;Pereira et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Compressibilidade de um Argissolo Amarelo distrocoeso submetido a diferentes manejos

Oliveira

Rolim

Costa³

et al. 2011

Rev. bras. eng. agríc. ambient.

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O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a compressibilidade de um Argissolo Amarelo distrocoeso submetido a diferentes sistemas de manejo sob cultivo de cana-de-açúcar. O experimento foi realizado em áreas da Usina Triunfo Industrial, AL, onde se avaliaram os manejos: MA - mata nativa; MSI - manejo sem irrigação; MCI - manejo com irrigação e MCV - manejo com fertirrigação (vinhaça). Todas as áreas estudadas, exceto no MA, vêm utilizando o preparo convencional do solo com uso de grades pesadas. As amostras de solo foram coletadas nas profundidades de 0-20 e 20-40 cm. Trincheiras foram abertas nas quatro áreas de manejo em estudo, quando amostras de solo indeformadas foram retiradas com auxílio de aneis metálicos de 6,4 cm diâmetro e 2,5 cm de altura em cada profundidade. Após coletadas, as amostras foram saturadas e submetidas a sucções de 0,1 a 10 kPa; 50, 500 e 1500 kPa, levadas à prensa mecânica e realizado o ensaio de compressibilidade. A partir dos dados obtidos determinou-se a tensão de preconsolidação (σp) das diversas amostras ensaiadas, cujos resultados foram submetidos à análise de regressão para a variável tensão de preconsolidação, em função da sucção matricial do solo. Em todos os manejos, a profundidade de 0-20 cm mostrou ser a mais susceptível à compactação em relação à profundidade de 20-40 cm; o manejo MCV alterou o comportamento compressivo do solo em ambas as profundidades (0-20 e 20-40 cm) e a capacidade de suporte do solo foi maior em todos os manejos, nas camadas de 20-40 cm.

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“…The compaction process is associated with a soil volume reduction caused by the pressure exerted on the soil, which results in an increase in the total soil density (Azenegashe et al, 1997), an alteration in the soil pore size distribution (Dexter, 1988) and a greater resistance to root penetration. The degree of compaction is influenced by soil texture and water content, pasture height management, forage mass and by the stocking rate (Defossez and Richard, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil bulk density and biomass partitioning of Brachiaria decumbens in a silvopastoral system

Paciullo

Castro

Gomide

et al. 2010

Sci. agric. (Piracicaba, Braz.)

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Shade in silvopastoral systems improves the thermal comfort of animals, but it may also affect the pasture productivity and can contribute to soil compaction in the shaded areas due to the increase in the number of animals looking for comfort. The effect of grazing at various distances from tree rows (under the tree canopy, at 6 and at 12 m away from the trees) on the soil bulk density and on the aerial and root biomass of Brachiaria decumbens was evaluated in both the dry and the rainy seasons. The study was carried out on an Orthic Ferralsol in a randomized block design with two replications. Tree rows were composed of Eucalyptus grandis and Acacia mangium species, and the paddocks were submitted to a rotational stocking management, using Holstein (Bos taurus) × Zebu (Bos indicus) heifers. The shade intensity in the pasture decreased with an increasing distance from the tree row. Soil bulk density did not vary with the distance from the tree row, but varied seasonally, being greater in the rainy season (1.47 g cm -3 ) than in the dry season (1.28 g cm -3 ). Green forage and root mass, expressed as dry matter, were lower under the tree canopy and were greater in the rainy season. There were decreases of 22.3 and 41.4% in the aerial and root biomasses, respectively, in the tree rows. The greatest shoot/root ratio for B. decumbens under moderate and intensive shading indicates a modification in the forage biomass allocation pattern that favours the aerial development in detriment of the root system. Key words: forage mass, root mass, soil compaction, shading, shoot/root ratio Densidade do solo e partição de biomassa de Brachiaria decumbens em um sistema silvopastoril RESUMO: O sombreamento em sistemas silvipastoris concorre para o conforto térmico dos animais; no entanto pode afetar a produção do pasto e contribuir para a compactação do solo, pelo aumento da concentração de animais nas áreas sombreadas. Avaliou-se o efeito da distância do renque de árvores (sob a copa das árvores, 6 e 12 m de distancia das árvores) na densidade do solo e na biomassa aérea e de raízes de Brachiaria decumbens, nas épocas seca e chuvosa. O estudo foi conduzido num Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com duas repetições. A faixa de árvores foi composta pelas espécies Eucalyptus grandis e Acacia mangium, e os piquetes foram manejados com novilhas Holandês (Bos taurus) × Zebu (Bos indicus) , sob lotação rotativa. A intensidade de sombreamento foi decrescente com o distanciamento do renque de árvores. A densidade do solo não variou com a distância do renque de árvores, mas sim com a época do ano, tendo sido maior na época chuvosa (1,47 g dm -3 ) do que na seca (1,28 g dm -3 ). As massas secas de forragem verde e de raízes foram menores sob a copa das árvores e maiores na época chuvosa do que na seca. Na faixa arborizada houve reduções de 22,3 e 41,4% na biomassa aérea e de raízes, respectivamente. A maior relação parte aérea/raiz da B. decumbens à sombra expressa uma modificação no padrão de aloc...

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Models of soil compaction due to traffic and their evaluation

Cited by 150 publications

References 50 publications

Evaluation Of Soil Physical Properties In System With Permanent Traffic Lanes Practised In 10 Ha Field

Evaluation Of Soil Physical Properties In System With Permanent Traffic Lanes Practised In 10 Ha Field

Compressibilidade de um Argissolo Amarelo distrocoeso submetido a diferentes manejos

Soil bulk density and biomass partitioning of Brachiaria decumbens in a silvopastoral system

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