Modelling Urban Noise in Citygml Ade: Case of the Netherlands

Abstract

ABSTRACT:Road traffic and industrial noise has become a major source of discomfort and annoyance among the residents in urban areas. More than 44% of the EU population is regularly exposed to road traffic noise levels over 55 dB, which is currently the maximum accepted value prescribed by the Environmental Noise Directive for road traffic noise. With continuously increasing population and number of motor vehicles and industries, it is very unlikely to hope for noise levels to diminish in the near future. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor urban noise, so as to make mitigation plans and to deal with its adverse effects. The 2002/49/EC Environmental Noise Directive aims to determine the exposure of an individual to environmental noise through noise mapping. One of the most important steps in noise mapping is the creation of input data for simulation. At present, it is done semi-automatically (and sometimes even manually) by different companies in different ways and is very time consuming and can lead to errors in the data. In this paper, we present our approach for automatically creating input data for noise simulations. Secondly, we focus on using 3D city models for presenting the results of simulation for the noise arising from road traffic and industrial activities in urban areas. We implemented a few noise modelling standards for industrial and road traffic noise in CityGML by extending the existing Noise ADE with new objects and attributes. This research is a steping stone in the direction of standardising the input and output data for noise studies and for reconstructing the 3D data accordingly.

CityGML Application Domain Extension (ADE): overview of developments

“…it is possible to create an ' ADE of an ADE' . For example, Kumar et al [25] show the possibility of extending the existing Noise ADE with new elements and attributes, instead of creating a new extension from scratch. Such a notion of customising and/or extending an existing ADE allows designing a 'core' ADE that can serve as a base for multiple, more specialised ADEs, diminishing their overlap.…”

“…The Noise ADE is also an interesting case to demonstrate the flexibility of the ADE concept. Its schema has been extended by subsequent work of independent researchers [25], indicating that extensions are customisable and extensible per se (since ADEs are extensions, this technically means extending an extension). The researchers identify limitations of the existing ADE for the practices and legislation of noise pollution modelling in the Netherlands, e.g.…”

Requirements, Development, and Evaluation of A National Building Standard—A Swedish Case Study

“…In [57] the authors created an ADE extension that includes information needed to store and manage data required for calculation of building energy flows. The authors of [58] identified a need to be able to better compare the results from different noise studies. This could be facilitated by having more standardized input and output data for noise simulations.…”

Towards a Generic 3d Standardisation Approach for the Netherlands Supporting Different Applications and Encodings

“…The development of a 3D information model for a specific use case (e.g. 3D data for energy consumption prediction, 3D data for flooding simulations, 3D input data for noise simulation (Kumar, 2017), etc.) comes down to answering three questions in accordance with the 3-layer approach:…”