Towards a Generic 3d Standardisation Approach for the Netherlands Supporting Different Applications and Encodings

Stoter, J.E.; Ledoux, Hugo; Penninga, F.; Brink, L.E. van den; Reuvers, M.; Vermeij, Maarten; Wiersma, M.G.

doi:10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w15-89-2019

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A public and internationally-accepted data standard may help. In this direction, pilot research has been implemented in the Netherlands, aiming for 3D data standardisation (Stoter et al, 2019). Second, generally speaking, it still lacks enough data support for 3D spatial analysis, such as ventilation animation and emergency management, which need abundant data on a subtle scale.…”

Section: Discussion: Major Scientific Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban 3d Modelling Methods: A State-of-the-Art Review

Ying

Koeva

Kuffer

et al. 2020

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

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Abstract. As urbanisation accelerates, the urban landscape reshapes at a fast pace. Consequently, the urban built environment continuously evolves horizontally as well as vertically. However, more attention in the field of spatial analysis is given to horizontal dynamics, despite the importance of geoinformation in the vertical dimension. 3D modelling methods have gained popularity due to their powerful capability of capturing and analysing geoinformation in the vertical dimension and visualising objects lifelike in the urban built environment. Various urban applications with diverse 3D modelling methods at different research scales and purposes have emerged. However, there is no systematic overview of these different modelling methods. Therefore, it is imperative to provide an up-to-date review of these advances. In this paper, we aim to review urban 3D modelling methods widely used in the prior 5-year period (2015–2020). Our analysis focuses on five attributes, i.e., basic characteristics, data requirements, technical requirements, users requirements and ethical considerations. The discussion presents the current status of 3D modelling methods – a wide range of applications yet with substantial development potential. This paper closes with insights for future work regarding the necessities of 3D data structure support as well as interdisciplinary research, specifically for big data management and integration.

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Section: Discussion: Major Scientific Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban 3d Modelling Methods: A State-of-the-Art Review

Ying

Koeva

Kuffer

et al. 2020

Int. Arch. Photogramm. Remote Sens. Spatial Inf. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Among these, the most acknowledged and used open standards are CityGML by OGC (Section 2.2.1), for 3D city models, and IFC by buildingSMART for BIMs (Section 2.2.2). On a national level, there are specific models which often are based on, or at least linked to, the international standards [17,18]. Therefore, these open standards are being considered as reference guideline for investigating the GeoBIM integration in most studies (e.g., Sun et al [11], Daum et al [19]) and are chosen in a joint effort between OGC and buildingSMART to integrate geodata and BIM data.…”

Section: Interoperability and Standard Data Formatsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tools for BIM-GIS Integration (IFC Georeferencing and Conversions): Results from the GeoBIM Benchmark 2019

Noardo

Harrie

Ohori

et al. 2020

IJGI

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The integration of 3D city models with Building Information Models (BIM), coined as GeoBIM, facilitates improved data support to several applications, e.g., 3D map updates, building permits issuing, detailed city analysis, infrastructure design, context-based building design, to name a few. To solve the integration, several issues need to be tackled and solved, i.e., harmonization of features, interoperability, format conversions, integration of procedures. The GeoBIM benchmark 2019, funded by ISPRS and EuroSDR, evaluated the state of implementation of tools addressing some of those issues. In particular, in the part of the benchmark described in this paper, the application of georeferencing to Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) models and making consistent conversions between 3D city models and BIM are investigated, considering the OGC CityGML and buildingSMART IFC as reference standards. In the benchmark, sample datasets in the two reference standards were provided. External volunteers were asked to describe and test georeferencing procedures for IFC models and conversion tools between CityGML and IFC. From the analysis of the delivered answers and processed datasets, it was possible to notice that while there are tools and procedures available to support georeferencing and data conversion, comprehensive definition of the requirements, clear rules to perform such two tasks, as well as solid technological solutions implementing them, are still lacking in functionalities. Those specific issues can be a sensible starting point for planning the next GeoBIM integration agendas.

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“…The Swedish two-layer approach could be compared to the ongoing standardization work of 3D geodata in the Netherlands. The authors of [63] want to simplify this standardization by proposing a three-layer approach. Here, the first layer is a conceptual model that to a large extent conforms to standards, e.g., CityGML and national standards.…”

Section: Information Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the third layer defines the encoding formats for data exchange, e.g., XML/GML, CityJSON, or JSON-LD (to allow linked data properties in JSON). The authors of [63] anticipate that such 3D standardization framework is more flexible and will thereby simplify the implementation of 3D city models.…”

Section: Information Architecturementioning

confidence: 99%

Requirements, Development, and Evaluation of A National Building Standard—A Swedish Case Study

Eriksson

Johansson

Olsson

et al. 2020

IJGI

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The aim of this paper is to present a proposal for a national building standard in Sweden. We define requirements for the proposed standard, e.g., it should support development of 3D city models, connect to building information models (BIM) and national registers and be based on a national classification system for the urban environment. Based on these requirements we develop an Application Domain Extension (ADE) of the building model in the proposed CityGML 3.0 standard denoted CityGML Sve-Test. CityGML 3.0 includes several new features of interest, e.g., the space concept, enhanced possibilities to convert data, and to link to other standards. In our study we create test data according to CityGML Sve-Test and evaluate it against the requirements. It is shown that BIM models (in Industry Foundation Classes, IFC, format) can be converted to CityGML Sve-Test and that a classification system facilitates this conversion. The CityGML Sve-Test dataset can be used to increase the automation level in building permissions checking and a related study shows that CityGML 3.0 has capabilities to link to legal information and be a base for 3D cadastral index maps. Based on our experience, we suggest that the national building standard should conform to international standards and, if possible, include a classification system. The exchange format (GML, JSON etc.) might change, but to be based on a standardized data model ensures harmonized structures and concepts.

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Towards a Generic 3d Standardisation Approach for the Netherlands Supporting Different Applications and Encodings

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

Urban 3d Modelling Methods: A State-of-the-Art Review

Urban 3d Modelling Methods: A State-of-the-Art Review

Tools for BIM-GIS Integration (IFC Georeferencing and Conversions): Results from the GeoBIM Benchmark 2019

Requirements, Development, and Evaluation of A National Building Standard—A Swedish Case Study

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