Modelling the effect on injuries and fatalities when changing mode of transport from car to bicycle

Nilsson, Philip; Stigson, Helena; Ohlin, Maria; Strandroth, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2016.12.020

Cited by 39 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…However, safety concerns are often given as a reason not to cycle (Manaugh et al 2017); indeed, cyclists are vulnerable road users (VRUs) who have higher risk of injury in case of a crash compared to car occupants. Compared to car occupants, Swedish cyclists have been reported to have 10 times higher fatality risk and 20 times higher risk for hospital-reported injury per million kilometers traveled (Nilsson et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of bicycle crashes in Sweden involving injuries with high risk of health loss

Ohlin

Algurén

Lie

2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective: The objectives of the present article were to (a) describe the main characteristics of bicycle crashes with regard to the road environment, crash opponent, cyclist, and crash dynamics; (b) compare individuals who describe their health after the crash as declined with those who describe their health as not affected; and (c) compare the number of injured cyclists who describe their health as declined after the crash with the predicted number of permanent medical impairments within the same population. Methods: A sample of individuals with specific injury diagnoses was drawn from the Swedish Traffic Accident Data Acquisition (STRADA) database (n ¼ 2,678). A survey form was used to collect additional information about the crash and the health-related outcomes. The predicted number of impaired individuals was calculated by accumulating the risk for all individuals to sustain at least a 1% permanent medical impairment, based on the injured body region and injury severity. Results: Nine hundred forty-seven individuals (36%) responded, of whom 44% reported declined health after the crash. The majority (68%) were injured in single bicycle crashes, 17% in collisions with motor vehicles, and 11% in collisions with another cyclist or pedestrian. Most single bicycle crashes related to loss of control (46%), mainly due to skidding on winter surface conditions (14%), followed by loss of control during braking (6%). There was no significant difference in crash distribution comparing all crashes with crashes among people with declined health. The predicted number of impaired individuals (n ¼ 427) corresponded well with the number of individuals selfreporting declined health (n ¼ 421). Conclusions: The types of crashes leading to health loss do not substantially differ from those that do not result in health loss. Two thirds of injuries leading to health loss occur in single bicycle crashes. In addition to separating cyclists from motorized traffic, other preventive strategies are needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of bicycle crashes in Sweden involving injuries with high risk of health loss

Ohlin

Algurén

Lie

2019

Traffic Injury Prevention

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“…Indeed, most personal difficulties are modifiable for prevention and intervention (Nilsson, Stigson, Ohlin, & Strandroth, 2017;Salam et al, 2016) and many problems can be solved through an early assessment and treatment nowadays.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ Psychological Functioning And Unintentional Injuries: Motor Vehicles And Sports Accidents

Michela¹

2017

European Proceedings of Social &Amp; Behavioural Sciences

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Adolescence represents a crucial period for psychological development. Adolescents have been shown more prone to injuries than adults have and they are frequently involved in motor vehicle and sports accident. Although adolescents' injuries have been widely investigated in international literature, victims' psychological profiles associated with different types of accidents have been scarcely addressed. The present study aimed to identify adolescents' psychological functioning associated with different types of injuries among a population of Italian adolescents who visited an emergency department. Moreover, the present paper intended to compare psychological profiles of adolescents who have had road and sports accidents. The sample was composed by N= 60 adolescents who attended an emergency department in central Italy. Subjects completed self-report measures assessing emotional and behavioural functioning and the use of defence mechanisms. Both road and sport accidents were associated with adolescents' maladaptive psychological functioning. Adolescents involved in motor vehicle accidents showed a problematic emotional and behavioural functioning in general and a massive use of defense strategies; their peers who had sport accidents also show various difficulties in internalizing and externalizing functioning. Several adolescents' emotional-behavioural variables are associated with injuries rates. Risk taking behaviours and other victims' psychological profiles should be considered to have an exhaustive picture of individual factors that can impair a healthy development.

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“…Second, change in air pollution exposure is assumed to benefit current bicycle commuters and the general population and disadvantage additional bicycle commuters in terms of risk for asthma, lung cancer, type 2 diabetes, stroke and MI 26. Third, health effects of injuries attributable to traffic accidents under this scenario of 111 487 potential bicycle commuters are also estimated 27. Estimated disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were calculated for each area of health impact based on the disability weights reported by the WHO Global Burden of Disease 2004 updates and expected changes in disease incidence.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health economic assessment of a scenario to promote bicycling as active transport in Stockholm, Sweden

et al. 2019

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ObjectivesTo conduct a health economic evaluation of a proposed investment in urban bicycle infrastructure in Stockholm County, Sweden.DesignA cost-effectiveness analysis is undertaken from a healthcare perspective. Investment costs over a 50-year life cycle are offset by averted healthcare costs and compared with estimated long-term impacts on morbidity, quantified in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The results are re-calculated under different assumptions to model the effects of uncertainty.SettingThe Municipality of Stockholm (population 2.27 million) committed funds for bicycle path infrastructure with the aim of achieving a 15% increase in the number of bicycle commuters by 2030. This work is based on a previously constructed scenario, in which individual registry data on home and work address and a transport model allocation to different modes of transport identified 111 487 individuals with the physical capacity to bicycle to work within 30 min but that currently drive a car to work.ResultsMorbidity impacts and healthcare costs attributed to increased physical activity, change in air pollution exposure and accident risk are quantified under the scenario. The largest reduction in healthcare costs is attributed to increased physical activity and the second largest to reduced air pollution exposure among the population of Greater Stockholm. The expected net benefit from the investment is 8.7% of the 2017 Stockholm County healthcare budget, and 3.7% after discounting. The economic evaluation estimates that the intervention is cost-effective and each DALY averted gives a surplus of €9933. The results remained robust under varied assumptions pertaining to reduced numbers of additional bicycle commuters.ConclusionInvesting in urban infrastructure to increase bicycling as active transport is cost-effective from a healthcare sector perspective.

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Modelling the effect on injuries and fatalities when changing mode of transport from car to bicycle

Cited by 39 publications

References 20 publications

Analysis of bicycle crashes in Sweden involving injuries with high risk of health loss

Analysis of bicycle crashes in Sweden involving injuries with high risk of health loss

Adolescents’ Psychological Functioning And Unintentional Injuries: Motor Vehicles And Sports Accidents

Health economic assessment of a scenario to promote bicycling as active transport in Stockholm, Sweden

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