Modelling Some Heavy Metals Air Concentration in Europe

González, Ma Ángeles; Vivanco, Marta G.; Palomino, Inmaculada; Garrido, Juan Luis; Santiago, Manuel; Bessagnet, Bertrand

doi:10.1007/s11270-012-1274-6

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The absolute maximum value of Pb is simulated in Brescia, but it is five times smaller than the limit value. Overall results appears to be in good agreement not only with EMEP MSC-E but also with Gonzalez et al (2012), which simulated heavy metals air concentration over Europe with CHIMERE model at 0.2°resolution for 2008. The areas with highest concentrations are similar in spite of using different models and input data.…”

Section: Model Description and Simulation Setupsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…In this context, models are useful since they provide estimations of air concentration levels in areas where no observations are available. Nevertheless, very few numerical modelling studies have been published about the dispersion of HMs in air (Ilyin and Travnikov 2005;Ilyin et al 2010and Gusev et al 2008and Gonzalez et al 2012. The usage of models helps the understanding of pollutant dynamics and chemistry, and gives valuable information to the policymakers in order to manage sustainable economic growth and to reduce air pollution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Heavy Metal Modelling Study over Italy: Effects of Grid Resolution, Lateral Boundary Conditions and Foreign Emissions on Air Concentrations

Adani

Mircea

D’Isidoro

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Heavy metals (HMs) are pollutants that have both anthropogenic and natural sources. In the last decade, the European Commission (EC) has imposed limit and target values for some of them that are toxic both for humans and for the environment. This study aims to assess the HM concentrations over Italy by means of the atmospheric modelling system (AMS) of the MINNI project. The AMS is based on the chemical transport model (CTM) FARM. The sensitivity of model simulations to horizontal grid resolution, lateral boundary conditions and the contribution of emissions from neighbouring countries has been also evaluated. The simulations have been carried out for the year 2005 considering a spatial resolution of 20 km over the Italian domain and 4 km over northern Italy (Po Valley). The CTM has been extended to take into account the HMs considered by EC directives such as arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni) and lead (Pb). Both anthropogenic and natural emissions have been considered in this study. Model results have been compared with available observations. Results show realistic concentration of HMs and suggest the importance of using boundary conditions, while foreign emissions have less impact. In addition, the present work highlights the necessity of more observations in space and time for a comprehensive validation of the model. High-resolution simulation gives more realistic pattern with respect to the lowresolution one for the highly polluted areas. However, future improvements require a better knowledge of the space/time distribution of the emissions, currently not available.

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Section: Model Description and Simulation Setupsupporting

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Heavy Metal Modelling Study over Italy: Effects of Grid Resolution, Lateral Boundary Conditions and Foreign Emissions on Air Concentrations

Adani

Mircea

D’Isidoro

et al. 2015

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…The CHIMERE model has been extensively applied in Europe over the past years Bessagnet et al 2004Bessagnet et al , 2005Monteiro et al 2005;Vivanco et al 2008Vivanco et al , 2009a. In Spain, the CHIMERE model has been applied to model gas and particle pollutants, and more recently, to model heavy metals (Vivanco et al 2011;González et al, 2012), with an special version developed in the CIEMAT modelling group (Madrid, Spain). In that version Pb, Cd, As, Ni, Cu, Cr, Zn and Se were included as non reactive fine particles.…”

Section: The Chimere Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metals have been recently included in this model in a special version developed in the CIEMAT modelling group (Madrid, Spain). Vivanco et al (2011) andGonzález et al (2012) showed an evaluation of the model performance for some metals in Spain and Europe. In these studies, metals were considered as fine particles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CHIMERE es un modelo euleriano de calidad del aire empleado por numerosos grupos de modelización, especialmente en Europa. Algunos metales pesados fueron incluidos como partículas finas no reactivas en una versión especial del modelo desarrollada por el Grupo de Modelización de la Contaminación Atmosférica de CIEMAT (Vivanco et al, 2011;González et al, 2012). Sin embargo, estudios sobre medidas de metales en aire indican que algunos metales pueden también formar parte de partículas más gruesas.…”

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Modelización de las fracciones gruesa y fina de Pb, Cd, As y Ni en el aire en España

González¹,

Vivanco

2016

Fís. Tierra

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Lead, cadmium, arsenic and nickel are present in the air due to natural and anthropogenic emissions, normally joined to particles. Human health and ecosystems can be damaged by high atmospheric levels of these metals, since they can be introduced in organisms via inhalation or ingestion. Small particles are inhaled and embebed in lungs and alveolus more easily than coarse particles. The CHIMERE model is a eulerian air quality model extensively used in air quality modelling. Metals have been recently included in this model in a special version developed in the CIEMAT modelling group (Madrid, Spain). Vivanco et al. (2011) andGonzález et al. (2012) showed an evaluation of the model performance for some metals in Spain and Europe. In these studies, metals were considered as fine particles. Nevertheless there is some observational evidence of the presence of some metals also in the coarse fraction. For this reason, a new attempt of modelling metals considering a fine (<2.5 μm) and coarse (2.5-10 μm) fraction has been done. Measurements of metal concentration in PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 recorded in Spain were used to obtain the new metal particle distribution size. On the other hand, natural emissions, not considered in the above mentioned studies, were implemented in the model, by considering metal emissions associated to dust resuspensiont. An evaluation of the new version is presented and discussed for two domains in Spain, centered on Barcelona and Huelva respectively. Key words: Heavy Metals, Air Quality Modelling, Particulate Matter, Pb, Cd, As, Ni.Modelización de las fracciones gruesa y fina de Pb, Cd, As y Ni en el aire en España ResumenMetales como el plomo, cadmio, arsénico y niquel son emitidos a la atmósfera por diversas fuentes naturales y antropogénicas, normalmente como componente de la fracción partículada. La incorporación de partículas vía inhalación o ingestión a los organismos vivos puede provocar graves problemas de salud y daños a ecosistemas, especialmente cuando se trata de las partículas más finas, ya que penetran con mayor facilidad en los pulmones y alvéolos. CHIMERE es un modelo euleriano de calidad del aire empleado por numerosos grupos de modelización, especialmente en Europa. Algunos metales pesados fueron incluidos como partículas finas no reactivas en una versión especial del modelo desarrollada por el Grupo de Modelización de la Contaminación Atmosférica de CIEMAT (Vivanco et al., 2011;González et al., 2012). Sin embargo, estudios sobre medidas de metales en aire indican que algunos metales pueden también formar parte de partículas más gruesas. Por ello, se ha incorporado en la versión v2013 de CHIMERE la posibilidad de diferenciar entre la fracción fina (<2.5 μm) y gruesa (2.5-10 μm) de cada metal, basándose en medidas de estos metales en PM10, PM2.5 y PM1. Por otro lado, se han incorporado al modelo las emisiones de metales de tipo natural, en concreto las producidas por la resuspensión de polvo. En esta publicación se incluye una evaluación del modelo para dos dominios en España...

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Foliar uptake and metal(loid) bioaccessibility in vegetables exposed to particulate matter

Xiong

Lévèque

Austruy

et al. 2014

Environ Geochem Health

116

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At the global scale, high concentrations of particulate matter (PM) enriched with metal(loid)s are currently observed in the atmosphere of urban areas. Foliar lead uptake was demonstrated for vegetables exposed to airborne PM. Our main objective here was to highlight the health risk associated with the consumption of vegetables exposed to foliar deposits of PM enriched with the various metal(loid)s frequently observed in the atmosphere of urban areas (Cd, Sb, Zn and Pb). Leaves of mature cabbage and spinach were exposed to manufactured mono-metallic oxide particles (CdO, Sb2O3 and ZnO) or to complex process PM mainly enriched with lead. Total and bioaccessible metal(loid) concentrations were then measured for polluted vegetables and the various PM used as sources. Finally, scanning electronic microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis was used to study PM-phyllosphere interactions. High quantities of Cd, Sb, Zn and Pb were taken up by the plant leaves. These levels depended on both the plant species and nature of the PM, highlighting the interest of acquiring data for different plants and sources of exposure in order to better identify and manage health risks. A maximum of 2% of the leaf surfaces were covered with the PM. However, particles appeared to be enriched in stomatal openings, with up to 12% of their area occupied. Metal(loid) bioaccessibility was significantly higher for vegetables compared to PM sources, certainly due to chemical speciation changes. Taken together, these results confirm the importance of taking atmospheric PM into account when assessing the health risks associated with ingestion of vegetables grown in urban vegetable crops or kitchen gardens.

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Modelling Some Heavy Metals Air Concentration in Europe

Cited by 14 publications

References 16 publications

Heavy Metal Modelling Study over Italy: Effects of Grid Resolution, Lateral Boundary Conditions and Foreign Emissions on Air Concentrations

Heavy Metal Modelling Study over Italy: Effects of Grid Resolution, Lateral Boundary Conditions and Foreign Emissions on Air Concentrations

Modelización de las fracciones gruesa y fina de Pb, Cd, As y Ni en el aire en España

Foliar uptake and metal(loid) bioaccessibility in vegetables exposed to particulate matter

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