Modelling and simulations of carbon corrosion during operation of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell

Hu, Jingwei; Sui, Pang‐Chieh; Kumar, Sanjiv; Djilali, Ned

doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2009.04.073

Cited by 55 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…In addition to measuring or mathematically predicting the high cathode potential experienced during the startup and shutdown processes, researchers have also conducted other related tests, such as measuring the current distribution in segmented cells [60][61][62], monitoring the concentration of CO or CO 2 during startup and shutdown [59,63], evaluating the effect of cell design (flow field structure and GDL thickness) on start-stop phenomena [64,65], and conducting modeling studies [58,[66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73] on water management and carbon-corrosion during startup and shutdown. All the test results have confirmed performance degradation during the startup and shutdown processes of PEMFCs.…”

Section: Reverse Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In 2008, Ofstad [74] reported creating a transient hydrogen/air interface in the anode layer. In Jingwei's modeling study [73], the results indicated that the rate of carbon corrosion at the cathode side of the fuel starvation region was strongly dependent on oxygen diffusion through the membrane. The concentration gradient across the membrane is the driving force for oxygen to permeate from the cathode to the anode, according to Fick's first law.…”

Section: Fuel Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells during startup and shutdown processes: Causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies

Wang

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

266

150

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a b s t r a c tPerformance degradation during startup and shutdown is considered an important issue affecting the durability and lifetime of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). Due to the high potentials experienced by the cathode during startup and shutdown, the conventional carbon support for the cathode catalyst is prone to oxidation by reacting with oxygen or water. This paper presents an overview of the causes and consequences of performance degradation after frequent startup-shutdown cycles. Mitigation strategies are also summarized, including the use of novel catalyst supports and the application of system strategies to prevent performance degradation in PEMFCs. It is found from the literature review that improvements in catalyst supports to prevent oxidation come at the expense of high cost, and the novel supports developed to date are not sufficient to completely prevent carbon oxidation in fuel cell engines. System strategies, including potential control and reaction gas control, have been developed and applied in fuel cell engines to alleviate or even avoid performance decay. This review aims to provide a clear understanding of the mechanisms related to degradation behaviors during the startup and shutdown processes, thereby helping fuel cell material or system developers in their efforts to prevent performance degradation and prolong the lifetime of PEMFCs.Crown

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Section: Reverse Currentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fuel Starvationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells during startup and shutdown processes: Causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies

Wang

et al. 2012

Journal of Power Sources

266

150

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, the flows supplied to the anode and the cathode should exceed the hydrogen/oxygen flows necessary for reaction, W H 2,React and W O 2,React . The hydrogen flow W H 2,React and the oxygen flow W O 2,React that react to produce a certain cell current I are defined by (11) and (12), respectively [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The adsorbed CO blocks active platinum sites at the anode, leading to the inhibition of reactions and to performance losses. These losses can decrease performance significantly with increasing adsorption of CO [10], [11]. The CO reaction is expressed in (15).…”

Section: B Carbon Monoxide (Co) Poisoningmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Experimental Analysis of the Ripple Current Applied Variable Frequency Characteristic in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Kim¹,

Jang²,

Choe³

et al. 2011

Journal of Power Electronics

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Differences in the frequency characteristic applied to a ripple current may shorten fuel cell life span and worsen the fuel efficiency. Therefore, this paper presents an experimental analysis of the ripple current applied variable frequency characteristic in a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). This paper provides the first attempt to examine the impact of ripple current through immediate measurements on a single cell test. After cycling for hours at three frequencies, each polarization and impedance curve is obtained and compared with those of a fuel cell. Through experimental results, it can be absolutely concluded that low frequency ripple current leads to long-term degradation of a fuel cell. Three different PEMFC failures such as membrane dehydration, flooding and carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning that lead to an increase in the impedance magnitude at low frequencies are simply introduced.

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“…These two hydrogen-deficient conditions are similar but the damage to the fuel cell is completely different, and in fact heterogeneous fuel distribution cannot cause cell reversal but current reversal [24]. Local fuel starvation, or partial hydrogen coverage, damages the air electrode and induces oxygen migration across the membrane from the cathode [25,26]. There are two mathematical guides to help us distinguish between and get a clear picture of these two situations by demonstrating electron diffusion and gas flow.…”

Section: Pemfc Anodementioning

confidence: 99%

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Reversal: A Review

et al. 2016

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Abstract:The H 2 /air-fed proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has two major problems: cost and durability, which obstruct its pathway to commercialization. Cell reversal, which would create irreversible damage to the fuel cell and shorten its lifespan, is caused by reactant starvation, load change, low catalyst performance, and so on. This paper will summarize the causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies of cell reversal of PEMFC in detail. A description of potential change in the anode and cathode and the differences between local starvation and overall starvation are reviewed, which gives a framework for comprehending the origins of cell reversal. According to the root factor of cell starvation, i.e., fuel cells do not satisfy the requirements of electrons and protons of normal anode and cathode chemical reactions, we will introduce specific methods to mitigate or prevent fuel cell damage caused by cell reversal in the view of system management strategies and component material modifications. Based on a comprehensive understanding of cell reversal, it is beneficial to operate a fuel cell stack and extend its lifetime.

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Modelling and simulations of carbon corrosion during operation of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell

Cited by 55 publications

References 25 publications

A review on performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells during startup and shutdown processes: Causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies

A review on performance degradation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells during startup and shutdown processes: Causes, consequences, and mitigation strategies

An Experimental Analysis of the Ripple Current Applied Variable Frequency Characteristic in a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell

Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Reversal: A Review

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