Modelling age-specific risk: application to dementia

Commenges, Daniel; Letenneur, Luc; Joly, Pierre; Alioum, Ahmadou; Dartigues, Jean‐François

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980915)17:17<1973::aid-sim892>3.0.co;2-5

Cited by 115 publications

(69 citation statements)

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“…For the Cox models, chronological age was used as the fundamental time scale [21], age at AD diagnosis was the event of interest, and delayed entry was used with baseline age as the age of entry. This analysis includes visits and follow-up examinations conducted through September 30, 1999.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease with high folate intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Corrada

Kawas

Hallfrisch

et al. 2005

Alzheimer's & Dementia

135

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Background-Study findings have suggested an association between Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and several vitamins and have speculated about their use as preventive agents. Here, we examine whether total intake (intake from diet plus supplements) of antioxidant vitamins (E, C, carotenoids) and B vitamins (folate, B 6 , and B 12 ) is associated with a reduced risk of AD.Methods-Participants were 579 nondemented elderly volunteers from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging who completed dietary diaries and recorded supplement intake for a 7-day period. Cox regression was used to estimate the relative risk (RR) of AD associated with total vitamin intake categorized into levels above or below the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).Results-After a mean follow-up of 9.3 years, AD developed in 57 participants. Higher intake of folate (RR, 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22 to 0.76), vitamin E (RR, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.06), and vitamin B 6 (RR, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.20 to 0.84) were associated individually with a decreased risk of AD after adjusting for age, gender, education, and caloric intake. When these 3 vitamins were analyzed together, only total intake of folate at or above the RDA (RR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.21 to 0.97) was associated with a significant decreased risk of AD. No association was found between total intake of vitamins C, carotenoids, or vitamin B 12 and risk of AD.Conclusions-These findings suggest that total intake of folate at or above the RDA is associated with a reduced risk of AD. Additional studies are necessary to further investigate whether folate or other(s) unmeasured factor(s) may be responsible for this reduction in risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced risk of Alzheimer's disease with high folate intake: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging

Corrada

Kawas

Hallfrisch

et al. 2005

Alzheimer's & Dementia

135

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“…Adjusted mortality relative risk (RR) was estimated using a Cox proportional hazards regression model and the model with delayed entry to take into account left-truncation [18,19]. A multivariate Cox model allowed the association between death and the different variables to be studied.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term mortality among adults with or without asthma in the PAARC study

Vandentorren¹,

Baldi²,

Annesi‐Maesano³

et al. 2003

Eur Respir J

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Vital statistics were collected in 2001 for the whole population. Multivariate survival analysis was used to assess exact survival rates in asthmatics and nonasthmatics taking relevant confounders into account.On average, the mortality rates obtained were 10.4 and 6.9 deaths?1,000 person-yrs -1 in asthmatics and nonasthmatics, respectively. On univariate analysis, asthma increased the relative risk (RR) of death by 1.48 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-1.69). The association between asthma and death had an RR of 1.16 (95% CI 0.99-1.37) when age, sex, educational level, smoking habits, occupational exposure and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) were taken into account. FEV1 was an important contributive factor causing increased risk of death in both smokers and nonsmokers. For instance, in asthmatics, the numbers of deaths due to respiratory disease and cancer appeared excessive. The present study suggests that asthmatics exhibit a higher risk of mortality.

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“…The term for interaction represents the additional annual modification on the selected cognitive tests for CS use. A Cox model with delayed entry was used in the analysis of dementia incidence taking age as the basic time scale and birth as the time origin (Commenges et al, 1998). This analysis was undertaken on 7486 subjects without missing data for baseline adjustment variables but with possibly missing repeated cognitive testing.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%