Modeling the Effects of Fuel Injection Characteristics on Diesel Engine Soot and NOx Emissions

Patterson, Mark; Kong, Song‐Charng; Hampson, Gregory J.; Reitz, Rolf D.

doi:10.4271/940523

Cited by 285 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Since other operating points could show more significant changes in ignition delay in the presence of large amounts of water vapor, the correlation could be modified for future studies. Combustion is modeled with the seven species characteristic time model that is explained in detail in Patterson [6] and Han [4]. Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) are modeled with the extended Zel'dovich mechanism and soot is modeled with the Hiroyasu model.…”

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Direct Water Injection on DI Diesel Engine Combustion

Bedford¹,

Rutland²,

Dittrich³

et al. 2000

SAE Technical Paper Series

117

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The effects of in-cylinder water injection on a direct injection (DI) Diesel engine were studied using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) program based on the Kiva-3v code. The spray model is validated against experimental bomb data with good agreement for vapor penetration as a function of time. It was found that liquid penetration increased approximately 35% with 23% of the fuel volume replaced by water, due mostly to the increase in latent heat of vaporization.Engine calculations were compared to experimental results and showed very good agreement with pressure, ignition delay and fuel consumption.Trends for emissions were accurately predicted for both 44% and 86% load conditions. Engine simulations showed that the vaporization of liquid water as well as a local increase in specific heat of the gas around the flame resulted in lower Nitrogen Oxide emissions (NOx) and soot formation rates. Using stratified fuel-water injection increases soot at 86% loads due in part to late injection. Because NOx decreased at all loads, the injection timing can be advanced to minimize fuel consumption and soot.

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Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this study, the new parcel diameter is calculated using an SMR conserving breakup concept (from Patterson [6]). Ignition delay is modeled with a Wolfer type equation for the ignition delay which takes into account the local equivalence ratio, pressure and temperature (see Dittrich [3]).…”

Section: Numerical Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Direct Water Injection on DI Diesel Engine Combustion

Bedford¹,

Rutland²,

Dittrich³

et al. 2000

SAE Technical Paper Series

117

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fuel delivery systems are classified by their methods for fuel injection (indirect injection, II, or direct injection, DI). Such differentiation significantly impacts the rated power, fuel efficiency, and CO 2 emissions of an engine (Longbao et al, 1999;Patterson et al, 1994;Yang & Anderson, 1998). For example, SI engines tend to operate less efficiently than CI due both to their operation while throttled, which reduces volumetric efficiency, and their use of lower compression ratios to limit knock.…”

Section: Vehicle Performance 21 Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions, performance, and design of UK passenger vehicles

Martin

Bishop

Boies

2016

International Journal of Sustainable Transportation

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Consumer, legal, and technological factors influence the design, performance, and emissions of light-duty vehicles (LDVs). This work examines how design choices made by manufacturers for the UK market result in emissions and performance of vehicles throughout the past decade (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010)(2011). LDV fuel consumption, CO 2 emissions, and performance are compared across different combinations of air and fuel delivery system using vehicle performance metrics of power density and time to accelerate from rest to 100 km/h (62 mph, t z-62 ). Increased adoption of direct injection and turbocharging technologies helped reduce spark ignition (SI, gasoline vehicles) and compression ignition (CI, diesel vehicles) fuel consumption by 22% and 19%, respectively, over the decade. These improvements were largely achieved by increasing compression ratios in SI vehicles (3.6%), turbocharging CI vehicles, and engine downsizing by 5.7-6.5% across all technologies. Simultaneously, vehicle performance improved, through increased engine power density resulting in greater acceleration. Across the decade, t z-62 fell 9.4% and engine power density increased 17% for SI vehicles. For CI vehicles, t z-62 fell 18% while engine power density rose 28%. Greater fuel consumption reductions could have been achieved if vehicle acceleration was maintained at 2001 levels, applying drive train improvements to improved fuel economy and reduced CO 2 emissions. Fuel consumption and CO 2 emissions declined at faster rates once the European emissions standards were introduced with SI

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“…The combustion model extends the laminar-and-turbulent characteristic-time model of Abraham et al [12], which was originally developed for SI engine combustion, to simulate diesel combustion. NOx is modeled with the extended Zel'dovich mechanism [13] and soot emissions are modeled with the Hiroyasu formation model [14] and the Nagle and Strickland-Constable oxidation model [15] as described by Patterson et al [16].…”

Section: Model Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New High Pressure Droplet Vaporization Model for Diesel Engine Modeling

Curtis

Uludogan

Reitz

1995

SAE Technical Paper Series

Self Cite

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A droplet vaporization model has been developed for use in high pressure spray modeling. The model is a modification of the common Spalding vaporization model that accounts for the effects of high pressure on phase equilibrium, transport properties, and surface tension. The new model allows for a nonuniform temperature within the liquid by using a simple 2-zone model for the droplet. The effects of the different modifications are tested both for the case of a single vaporizing droplet in a quiescent environment as well as for a high pressure spray using the KIVA II code. Comparisons with vaporizing spray experiments show somewhat improved spray penetration predictions. Also, the effect of the vaporization model on diesel combustion predictions was studied by applying the models to simulate the combustion process in a heavy duty diesel engine. In this case the standard and High Pressure vaporization models were found to give similar heat release and emissions results. However, the results show that a more realistic representation of the vaporization process is achieved with the new model. In particular, less unburned fuel is predicted to remain in the combustion chamber late in the power stroke.

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Modeling the Effects of Fuel Injection Characteristics on Diesel Engine Soot and NOx Emissions

Cited by 285 publications

References 24 publications

Effects of Direct Water Injection on DI Diesel Engine Combustion

Effects of Direct Water Injection on DI Diesel Engine Combustion

Emissions, performance, and design of UK passenger vehicles

A New High Pressure Droplet Vaporization Model for Diesel Engine Modeling

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