Effects of Direct Water Injection on DI Diesel Engine Combustion

Bedford, F.; Rutland, Christopher J.; Dittrich, P.; Raab, Andreas F.; Wirbeleit, F.

doi:10.4271/2000-01-2938

Cited by 117 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Additionally, water/diesel emulsion has a disadvantage that the water/fuel blend is constant over a wide range of engine operating conditions and different engine loads may require different blend ratios (Abu-Zaid, 2004). Therefore, water injection in the intake manifold and direct water injection techniques can overcome this problem (Bedford et al, 2000). However, most studies of water injection in the intake manifold confirmed that water exists in areas where it is less efficient in reducing emissions in the combustion chamber.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…However, most studies of water injection in the intake manifold confirmed that water exists in areas where it is less efficient in reducing emissions in the combustion chamber. Therefore, intake manifold water injection requires approximately twice the liquid volume for the same reduction in NO x compared to direct water injection or water/fuel emulsion (Bedford et al, 2000). Tauzia et al (Tauzia et al, 2010) cited that water to fuel mass fraction of 60-65% is needed to obtain a 50% NO x reduction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Water is utilized in the diesel engines either through intake manifold injection or direct water injection into the engine cylinder (Miyamoto et al, 1995, Bedford et al, 2000, Udayakumar et al, 2003, Armas et al, 2005, Tauzia et al, 2010, Subramanian, 2011, Tesfa et al, 2012, Kumar et al, 2013, Ithnin et al, 2014, Mingrui et al, 2016. The direct water injection into the engine cylinder includes injection through separate water injection pump and nozzle, injection through the fuel injector, or water and diesel fuel emulsion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, the injected water exists in areas where it is more efficient to reduce emissions. However, the main disadvantage of this technique is that an additional water injector should be installed to the engine cylinder and more advanced control system should be used (Bedford et al, 2000, Nishijima et al, 2002.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of intake and exhaust manifold water injection on combustion and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine

Farag

Kosaka

Bady

et al. 2017

JTST

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Water injection is a technique that has been used for decades to control the combustion and emissions in diesel engines. The effects of water injection at the intake and exhaust manifolds on the combustion and emission characteristics of a direct injection diesel engine are studied in this work. Water injection in the intake manifold increases engine heat losses. Therefore, waste heat in exhaust gases is used to vaporize water before combustion and prevent the water-cooling effect. The injection of 40 mg/cycle of water into the intake and exhaust manifolds were tested with exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) ratios of 10% and 25%. The fuel injection timing, quantity, and engine speed were maintained at constant values to keep the cylinder combustion condition constant. The results show that the exhaust manifold water injection improves engine performance and combustion characteristics and reduces emissions compared to intake manifold water injection. The peak improvement is achieved at exhaust manifold water injection at 25% EGR where the reduction in the brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) is about 5%, while the increase in the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) and the indicated thermal efficiency (ITE) is by 7% and 3%, respectively. On the other hand, the maximum reduction in soot was obtained with exhaust manifold water injection at 10% EGR ratio with reduction ratios of 55%. The intake manifold water injection gives the lowest NO x emissions with a 88% reduction ratio. The exhaust manifold injection is the recommended technique for water injection to improve engine performance and reduce emissions to avoid the disadvantages of the previously applied techniques.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of intake and exhaust manifold water injection on combustion and emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine

Farag

Kosaka

Bady

et al. 2017

JTST

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For the sole purpose of NO x control emissions, water can also be injected directly into the engine cylinder and vaporised, absorbing a fraction of the chemical energy hence released and then decreasing the peak temperature [7,28,29]. The latter process has been successfully applied to industrial engines, for example to some marine Diesel engines manufactured by Wärtsilä [30, page 73].…”

Section: Practical Uses Of Water Injectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermodynamics of indirect water injection in internal combustion engines: theoretical assessment of the fresh mixture cooling effect

Vaudrey¹

2017

Preprint

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Water injection is a well-known efficient way to improve the performance of internal combustion engines. Amazingly, most of previous studies have yet only assess this process in an experimental manner, depriving us of an understanding of its specific influence on different operating phases of the engine -density of the aspirated fresh mixture, work required by the compression stroke, and so on -but also of the possibility to predict its effects if set up on an existing engine. Thanks to a theoretical framework specifically developed, and similar to the one commonly used for the analysis of air conditioning systems, we start in this paper to untangle in a theoretical manner the different consequences of water injection on internal combustion engines. This first study is specifically focused on the fresh mixture density increase, due to the vaporisation of liquid water in the intake manifold. Results show that, in the best scenarios, we cannot expect to increase the amount of fuel finally aspirated into the cylinders by more than 10%. The methodology presented here, as well as the python software specifically developed, can be of a precious help for the optimisation of such process if applied to existing or future engines.

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