Modeling of liquid metal duct and free-surface flows using CFX.

Magnetohydrodynamic and Thermal Issues of the SiCf/SiC Flow Channel Insert

“…Although development of new high Hartmann number 3-D MHD codes 18 or modification of commercial CFD software 19,20 are in progress, the codes are not applicable yet to fusion conditions. It is therefore reasonable to discuss here what 3-D effects will likely appear and how they can affect blanket performance, leaving detailed 3-D numerical computations for the future.…”

A current density conservative scheme for incompressible MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part II: On an arbitrary collocated mesh

“…An elaborate algorithm is needed for the calculation of MHD at high Hartmann numbers. For incompressible MHD flow, a staggered grid system [15], a fully staggered grid system [16][17][18] and a collocated grid system [19,20,14] have been employed to do the direct simulations. The staggered grid system can effectively avoid the checkerboard phenomenon of pressure.…”

A current density conservative scheme for incompressible MHD flows at a low magnetic Reynolds number. Part I: On a rectangular collocated grid system

“…(28) should be consistent with the discretization of the gradient operator in the calculation of current density in Eq. (26). Also, the calculation of u · B in the Poisson equation of Eq.…”

“…Umeda and Takahashi [23] employed a fully staggered grid to simulate MHD flows for fusion application. A collocated grid system has been employed for MHD simulations [24][25][26] based on the commercial CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software CFX [27]. However the scheme used in [24,25] is neither consistent nor conservative with respect to current density.…”

“…However the scheme used in [24,25] is neither consistent nor conservative with respect to current density. In [26], it has been noted that a consistent scheme used to calculate the current related to u · B is important. However, the Lorentz force calculated at the cell center is not based on a conservative formula.…”