The status of the research on muon colliders is discussed and plans are outlined for future theoretical and experimental studies. Besides work on the parameters of a 3-4 and 0.5 TeV center-of-mass (COM) energy collider, many studies are now concentrating on a machine near 0.1 TeV (COM) that could be a factory for the s-channel production of Higgs particles. We discuss the research on the various components in such muon colliders, starting from the proton accelerator needed to generate pions from 1098-4402͞99͞2(8)͞081001(73)$15.00 © 1999 The American Physical Society 081001-1 PRST-AB 2 CHARLES M. ANKENBRANDT et al. 081001 (1999) a heavy-Z target and proceeding through the phase rotation and decay (p ! m n m ) channel, muon cooling, acceleration, storage in a collider ring, and the collider detector. We also present theoretical and experimental R&D plans for the next several years that should lead to a better understanding of the design and feasibility issues for all of the components. This report is an update of the progress on the research and development since the feasibility study of muon colliders presented at the Snowmass '96

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This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.

We describe the status of our effort to realize a first neutrino factory and the progress made in understanding the problems associated with the collection and cooling of muons towards that end. We summarize the physics that can be done with neutrino factories as well as with intense cold beams of muons. The physics potential of muon colliders is reviewed, both as Higgs factories and compact highenergy lepton colliders. The status and time scale of our research and development effort is reviewed as well as the latest designs in cooling channels including the promise of ring coolers in achieving longitudinal and transverse cooling simultaneously. We detail the efforts being made to mount an international cooling experiment to demonstrate the ionization cooling of muons.

Turbulence measurements under the influence of a transverse magnetic field have been made at Purdue University's Magneto-Fluid-Mechanic Laboratory in a high aspect ratio channel. The Reynolds number range covered was 25000 ≤ Re 282000; the geometry and experimental conditions were such that the experiment approximated turbulent Hartmann flow. The aspect ratio of the channel was 5·8:1, its walls were electrically insulated and the working fluid was mercury. Measurements in the presence of a magnetic field were made of the skin friction coefficient, the mean velocity profiles, the turbulence intensity profiles (both u’ and v’) and the Reynolds stress profiles.A sudden change in the damping of the Reynolds stresses was manifested by a ‘hump’ in the curves of Cf versus M/Re taken with the Reynolds number held constant. This ‘hump’ occurs as a gentle rise and sudden drop to the Hartmann laminar line of the Cf data. Close examination of the $\overline{u^{\prime}v^{\prime}}$ data near the wall confirms this behaviour, indicating that the turbulent contribution to the shear stress is the controlling factor in this behaviour of Cf. The Reynolds stresses were completely suppressed to zero at high values of the magnetic field, though the turbulence intensities of u’ and v’ were not. The Reynolds stress data are fundamental in revealing the mechanisms which are at work during the suppression of turbulence by a magnetic field.It was also found that at high magnetic fields, when most of the turbulence was damped, the skin friction coefficient fell below the values predicted by Hartmann's (1937) laminar solution for high values of M/Re. This result was linked to the presence of ‘M-shaped’ velocity profiles in the direction perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the mean velocity vector. The presence of ‘M-shaped’ profiles has not previously been linked to a reduction in Cf.

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The advanced limiter-divertor plasma-facing systems (ALPS) program was initiated in order to evaluate the potential for improved performance and lifetime for plasma-facing systems. The main goal of the program is to demonstrate the advantages of advanced limiter/divertor systems over conventional systems in terms of power density capability, component lifetime, and power conversion efficiency, while providing for safe operation and minimizing impurity concerns for the plasma. Most of the work to date has been applied to free surface liquids. A multi-disciplinary team from several institutions has been organized to address the key issues associated with these systems. The main performance goals for advanced limiters and divertors are a peak heat flux of \ 50 MW/m 2 , elimination of a lifetime limit for erosion, and the ability to extract useful heat at high power conversion efficiency ( 40%). The evaluation of various options is being conducted through a combination of laboratory experiments, www.elsevier.com/locate/fusengdes * Corresponding author. Tel.: + 1-630-2528673; fax: + 1-630-2525287. 1 To be presented at the Fifth International Symposium on Fusion Nuclear Technology. The submitted manuscript has been created by the University of Chicago as Operator of Argonne National Laboratory ('Argonne') under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38 with the US Department of Energy. The US Government retains for itself, and others acting on its behalf, a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable world-wide license in said article to reproduce, prepare derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the Government.0920-3796/00/$ -see front matter © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 9 2 0 -3 7 9 6 ( 0 0 ) 0 0 3 8 5 -9 49-50 (2000) 127-134 128 modeling of key processes, and conceptual design studies. The current emphasis for the work is on the effects of free surface liquids on plasma edge performance. R.F. Mattas et al. / Fusion Engineering and Design