Modeling and Optimization of Crowd Guidance for Building Emergency Evacuation

Flexible Intelligent Exit Sign Management of Cloud-Connected Buildings

“…The most important application areas which used to mimic an emergency evacuation process for emergency building management system where flow-based models [4], [5], queuing models [6], [7] and potential-maintenance models [8], [9] and all this model are proposed to seek an optimal exit routing solutions.…”

A Dynamic Model for Fire Emergency Evacuation Based on Wireless Sensor Networks

“…These models are usually based on maximum flows when the number of inhabitants is large [17], [19] or on shortest distances when this number is small [18].…”

“…The dynamic model was implemented in C++ and its execution used a standard laptop machine with a Pentium 2.0 MHz processor and a RAM memory of 2.5 GB. Firstly, the execution of the dynamic model is observed for all the values of nr=11, 13,15,17,19,21. The value of Tmax is chosen to be fire(e) so that the evaluation is carried out until the exit node becomes hazardous.…”

“…In fire safety engineering, assisted emergency navigation through indoor environments is a current research topic [17], [19]. Recent research [2], [7], [12] or [13] proposes active sensors (wired or wireless) which monitor the environment to detect variation in temperature and smoke.…”

A new escape routing strategy for controlling evacuation from buildings

“…Building evacuation models mainly lie in two classes [5], [6]. The first constitutes the network models, derived by an off-line procedure, which assumes that the occupants will not be affected by any stress and will follow exactly the instructions from some source of guidance, from which they are assumed to be totally controllable [7], [8]. These models are for the evacuation procedures based on static plans, which are fixed in advance by standard norms and regulation.…”