Modeling and energy management of a photovoltaic‐fuel cell‐battery hybrid electric vehicle

Abstract

Automobile power systems are increasingly in need of renewable and clean energy sources such as solar energy and fuel cells in the context of global warming. This article investigates the feasibility of a photovoltaic‐fuel cell‐battery hybrid electric vehicle (PVFCHEV) via a model‐based approach and delivers two major original contributions. First, a completed PVFCHEV system, which consists of the electric power system, the control system, and the vehicle powertrain system, is modeled in detail in Matlab/Simulink environment. Second, a fuzzy logic control based energy management strategy (EMS) is developed, aiming to maximize solar energy utilization under the fast‐changing power demand, the variance of solar energy, and different levels of battery state‐of‐charge. The simulation results of the functional test, including idling, accelerating, and cruising at different solar radiations and battery states, reveal that the designed vehicular power system and the EMS work reasonably well. Then, with the simulation of a particular driving cycle test in three typical scenarios (high, low, and zero solar radiances with different battery SOC), the power system proves to work effectively and adaptively in different situations under the regulation of the EMS and demonstrates better fuel economy than using a widely‐adopted power‐following control strategy.

Optimization and cutting‐edge design of fuel‐cell hybrid electric vehicles

“…The PV panels produce variable power depending on the strength of solar radiation, temperature, and light direction. In this configuration, the FC acts as the primary energy source and the PV panel is the backup 146,147 . PV panels produce DC voltages that are connected to the DC bus through a unidirectional converter in FC + battery + PV panel hybridization.…”

Robust optimum distribution network scheduling with distributed generations, electric vehicles, and storage units

“…Researchers have proposed solutions to these problems. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Various robust, random, and deterministic active power management models were proposed in articles for solving similar problems related to EVs. A deterministic active power management system was proposed in References 4-8.…”

Utilization of electric vehicles in combined voltage‐frequency control of multi‐area thermal‐combined cycle gas turbine system using two degree of freedom tilt‐integral‐derivative controller

“…The implementation of ultrabattery 26 and redox flow batteries in deregulated 27 and conventional 28 LFC system is analyzed. The EVs along with other renewable sources are analyzed which unviels the efficacy 29,30 . After thorough study of the above literature, it seems that unified ALFC and AVR for EVs have not yet been studied, leading to further studies.…”

“…The EVs along with other renewable sources are analyzed which unviels the efficacy. 29,30 After thorough study of the above literature, it seems that unified ALFC and AVR for EVs have not yet been studied, leading to further studies.…”