Modeling and control of air stream and hydrogen flow with recirculation in a PEM fuel cell system—I. Control-oriented modeling

Bao, Cheng; Ouyang, Minggao; Yi, Baolian

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2006.02.031

Cited by 179 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In the energy industry, they can be employed in industrial plants for exhaust gases [26], proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) systems [27][28][29][30][31][32][33], chemical looping combustion (CLC) power plants [34,35] and transcritical CO 2 ejector refrigeration systems (TERS) [16,36]. Supersonic ejectors are used when there is a need to generate a high pressure difference: in the supersonic regime, the primary flow can entrain a high quantity of suction fluid because of the lower-pressure at the nozzle exit and high momentum transfer.…”

Section: Nozzle Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review

Besagni

Mereu

Inzoli

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

404

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a b s t r a c tThe increasing need for thermal comfort has led to a rapid increase in the use of cooling systems and, consequently, electricity demand for air-conditioning systems in buildings. Heat-driven ejector refrigeration systems appear to be a promising alternative to the traditional compressor-based refrigeration technologies for energy consumption reduction. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review on ejector refrigeration systems and working fluids. It deeply analyzes ejector technology and behavior, refrigerant properties and their influence over ejector performance and all of the ejector refrigeration technologies, with a focus on past, present and future trends. The review is structured in four parts. In the first part, ejector technology is described. In the second part, a detailed description of the refrigerant properties and their influence over ejector performance is presented. In the third part, a review focused on the main jet refrigeration cycles is proposed, and the ejector refrigeration systems are reported and categorized. Finally, an overview over all ejector technologies, the relationship among the working fluids and the ejector performance, with a focus on past, present and future trends, is presented.

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Section: Nozzle Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ejector refrigeration: A comprehensive review

Besagni

Mereu

Inzoli

2016

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

404

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“…However, the impulsive pressure generated from gas and water fluid would no greater than 1 MPa based on the air compressor supplied fuel cell stacks. 36,37 Hence the mechanical destruction of the PEM is unlikely generated from the gas and water fluid.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A mechanical durability comparison of various perfluocarbon proton exchange membranes

Tang

Pan

Wang

2008

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Mechanical endurance and degradation mechanism of Nafion211 proton exchange membrane and ePTFE/PFSA composite PEMs were investigated in this article. It was found that the shrinkage stress caused by the water-uptake is the primary source to induce the mechanical decay. The Nafion 211 is more stable when cyclestress is lower than 1.5 MPa, while the water-uptake generating stress can reach to 2.23 MPa soaked in surroundings with condition of 25% RH and temperature at 258C. The study also found that the ePTFE/PFSA composite PEMs are more durable than the Nafion membrane mostly due to the lower water-uptake generating shrinkage stress of 0.34-0.4 MPa (25% RH@ 258C) but not the high yield strength or breaking strength. The PFSA/ ePTFE composite membranes can keep stable for more than 5000 cycles, which is about 40% higher than that of the pure Nafion membrane (about 3500 cycles.). For preparing durable proton exchange membrane, it is necessary to improve the proton exchange resin impregnation in the ePTFE matrix. Chemical bonding of the PTFE and the PSFI by modification of the PTFE matrix is also very effective to enhance the mechanical durability of the composite PEMs.

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“…The dynamic nonlinear model for air stream, hydrogen flow with recirculation in a PEM fuel cell system has been addressed in the first part of this paper [8]. It can be described in the following state-space …”

Section: Control Configurationmentioning

confidence: 99%