Model predictive control based balancing strategy for series-connected lithium-ion battery packs

Zheng, Ling; Zhu, Jianguo; Wang, Guoxiu; Lu, Dylan Dah-Chuan; McLean, Peter; He, Tingting

doi:10.23919/epe17ecceeurope.2017.8099189

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Fuzzy logic control [31,32] has been applied for transformer-and inductor-based equalizers, achieving voltage balancing in a short period. Model predictive control [22,33] proves its competence in controlling transformer-based equalizers. This method improves the efficiency of equalization circuit and prolongs cell life.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

An Active Equalization Method for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Flyback Transformer and Variable Step Size Generalized Predictive Control

2021

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The inconsistency in large-scale battery pack significantly degrades the performance of electric vehicles. In order to diminish the inconsistency, the study designs an active equalization method comprising of equalizer and equalization strategy for lithium-ion batteries. A bidirectional flyback transformer equalizer (BFTE) is designed and analyzed. The BFTE is controlled by a pulse width modulation (PWM) controller to output designated balancing currents. Under the purpose of shortening equalization time and reducing energy consumption during the equalization process, this paper proposes an equalization strategy based on variable step size generalized predictive control (VSSGPC). The VSSGPC is improved on the generalized predictive control (GPC) by introducing the Step Size Factor. The VSSGPC surmounts the local limitation of GPC by expanding the control and output horizons to the global equalization process without increasing computation owing to the Step Size Factor. The experiment results in static operating condition indicate that the equalization time and energy consumption are reduced by 8.3% and 16.5%, respectively. Further validation in CC-CV and EUDC operating conditions verifies the performance of the equalizer and rationality of the VSSGPC strategy.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

An Active Equalization Method for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Flyback Transformer and Variable Step Size Generalized Predictive Control

2021

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“…Experimental results show a 31% time reduction compared with common control method. Zheng et al 179 proposed an MPC‐based balancing strategy for aged LIB packs. Compared with classic average SOC strategy, the MPC‐based strategy can converge the SOCs and voltages to a more uniform level and effectively avoid over‐equalization.…”

Section: Equalization Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

et al. 2020

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The rapid growth of transportation demand has been enlarged strongly which has promoted electric vehicles powered by lithium-ion batteries. However, the inconsistencies within the battery pack will deteriorate over the lifecycle and affect the performance of electric vehicles. Therefore, various thermal management systems and equalization systems have been applied in battery management system to deal with the inconsistencies, extend battery service life, and improve safety performance. This review summarizes the origination of inconsistency within lithium-ion batteries from production to usage process, and then introduces the classification methods and application scenarios of the balance management system in detail. Based on the circuit topology, equalization systems can be classified into passive and active topologies. Active topologies

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“…The cell voltage equalization will take place in either under passive or active balancing mode, wherein the former the excessive charge is dissipated as heat, while in the latter the excessive charge from highly charged cells is moved to the cells with less charge, thus making them stronger cells to support the weaker ones [33]- [35]. In the BMS, the cell balancer charger operates in three modes namely the cell charging balancing mode, the cell discharging balancing mode, and the idle mode by controlling the driving signals of the primary and secondary switches [36], due to the fact that EVs batteries are not always used to their full capacity in every driving cycle and thus it is not necessary to keep the SOC balanced at all times [37]. Fig.…”

Section: Battery Cell Balancingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To solve the problem of SOC imbalances, the conventional average SOC balancing strategy is applied to compare the SOC of each cell with the average SOC of the battery pack. A positive balancing threshold and a negative value are usually applied to the average SOC to compose a balancing band [36]. If a cell's SOC is higher than the balancing band, the cell needs to be discharged until the SOC falls within the balancing band.…”

Section: ) Soc Imbalancementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Battery Cell Balancing Methodologies for Optimizing Battery Pack Performance in Electric Vehicles

Omariba

Zhang

Sun³

2019

IEEE Access

176

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Batteries are gaining entry into every home and office for they are widely used because of their variant benefits. However, these batteries are prone to failure caused by charge imbalance in the batteries connected in either series or parallel, which can sometimes be catastrophic and hence they require to be properly monitored in a real-time manner. There exist many battery balancing schemes which are broadly grouped into either passive or active schemes. All these schemes have their own advantages and disadvantages, and hence it is upon the user to decide on which scheme will best work for them. However, research has proven that the hybrid scheme will be the best as it couples the benefits of all schemes. This study will review the various battery cell balancing methodologies and evaluate their relationship with battery performance. At present there are a few studies tackling the mechanical vibration of battery balancing performance. This study shows that battery balancing performance during long-term should be evaluated from various temperature and vibration frequencies.INDEX TERMS Battery cell balancing, electric vehicles, hybrid schemes, and performance optimization.

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Model predictive control based balancing strategy for series-connected lithium-ion battery packs

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

An Active Equalization Method for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Flyback Transformer and Variable Step Size Generalized Predictive Control

An Active Equalization Method for Lithium-ion Batteries Based on Flyback Transformer and Variable Step Size Generalized Predictive Control

A comprehensive review on inconsistency and equalization technology of lithium‐ion battery for electric vehicles

Review of Battery Cell Balancing Methodologies for Optimizing Battery Pack Performance in Electric Vehicles

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