Model Mediation to Overcome Light Limitations—Toward a Secure Tactile Internet System

Abstract

Enabling haptic communication as well as voice and data over the future 5G cellular system has become a demand. Tactile Internet is one of the main use cases of the 5G system that will allow the transfer of haptic communications in real time. Latency, availability, reliability, and security are the main design challenges of the tactile Internet system and haptic based bilateral teleoperation systems. An end-to-end latency of 1 ms remains the main challenge toward tactile Internet system realization, not only for the processing and coding delays but mainly for the limitations of light. In this work, we analyze the key solutions to overcome the light limitations and enable the tactile Internet over any distances with the required latency. Building a virtual model or model mediated for the remote environment at the edge cloud unit near to the end user is the main solution. By means of AI, the virtual model can predict the behavior of the remote environment and thus, the end user can interact with the virtual environment with a high system experience. This literature review covers the existing work of the model mediated bilateral teleoperated systems and discusses its availability for the tactile Internet system. Furthermore, the security issues of tactile Internet system and the effect of model mediated system on the required security level of tactile Internet applications are discussed. Finally, a structure for the tactile Internet system, with the deployment of model mediation, is suggested.

A Comprehensive Survey of the Tactile Internet: State-of-the-Art and Research Directions

“…While papers (e.g., [39] [40]) do focus on the security aspects, security issues are now generally reviewed in dedicated surveys (e.g., [30] [31]). As for performance analysis publications, we decided not to include them because they do not put forward any new solutions.…”

5G-Enabled Tactile Internet for smart cities: vision, recent developments, and challenges

“…Such apps involve remote rehabilitation, remote treatment, and remote surgical intervention. Such apps would make premium medical training and healthcare professionals accessible everywhere and break the restrictions of place and time [32].…”

“…The Tactile Internet is supposed to support in the management of road transport via traffic detectors as well as driver-assist schemes. The Tactile Internet would enable and to provide the vehicle-to-vehicle connectivity function as well as the vehicle-to-vehicle highway communication networks [32].…”

“…It could be accomplished by implies of a tactile Internet structure, as well as the present connected model could be transformed into wireless or enhanced infrastructures. It will allow multiple automated systems or improve the efficiency of the current approach [32].…”

D-FAP: Dual-Factor Authentication Protocol for Mobile Cloud Connected Devices

“…Furthermore, MCC provides the mobile device with a remote platform that is 'always online' with which the mobile device interacts frequently. The device is therefore communicating via the wireless network more often than usual, leading to increased levels of power consumption on the mobile device [2,4]. Another significant challenge for MCC is ensuring security, privacy, and trust [5,6].…”