Model for estimation of copper release to drinking water from copper pipes

Taxén, Claes; Letelier, María Victoria; Lagos, Gustavo

doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2012.02.005

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In particular, the use of technical tools (e.g., mixing, pumping, shaking) to accelerate mass transfer at laboratory scale has generated reproducible results with little practical meaning. The major limitation of accelerated mass transfer has been the delay of the formation of the oxide scale on Fe 0 and, thus, minimizing the relevance of indirect reduction, while possibly favoring direct reduction at sites which would not be available under field conditions [32,44,46,67,93]. Furthermore, at neutral pH values, the presence of a universal oxide scale should be considered as a rule rather than an exception [65,87].…”

Section: The Interactions Within Fe 0 /H 2 O Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Step (ii) is mainly controlled by electrostatic interactions between reactants and the oxide scale. Steps (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), and (vii) are chemically controlled processes (reaction and concentration gradient) [35,63,91,93,95].…”

Section: Mass Transfer Within Fe 0 /H 2 O Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, abiotic contaminant reduction in a Fe 0 /H 2 O system does not necessarily take place by reduction through electrons from Fe 0 (direct reduction). Instead, indirect reduction (electrons from Fe II or even H/H 2 ) may occur and is most likely, for at least, two reasons; (i) for direct reduction to occur the contaminant should diffuse through the oxide film unless the film is conductible to cater for electron transfer, and (ii) oxide-film is a good adsorbent for both contaminant and Fe 2+ ions (resulting in more reactive structural Fe II ) [17,93]. Yet indirect reduction is currently considered as a side effect in the 'Fe 0 remediation' literature [10,13,14].…”

Section: The Importance Of Indirect Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fe0/H2O Systems for Environmental Remediation: The Scientific History and Future Research Directions

Cui

Gwenzi

et al. 2018

Water

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Elemental iron (Fe0) has been widely used in groundwater/soil remediation, safe drinking water provision, and wastewater treatment. It is still mostly reported that a surface-mediated reductive transformation (direct reduction) is a relevant decontamination mechanism. Thus, the expressions “contaminant removal” and “contaminant reduction” are interchangeably used in the literature for reducible species (contaminants). This contribution reviews the scientific literature leading to the advent of the Fe0 technology and shows clearly that reductive transformations in Fe0/H2O systems are mostly driven by secondary (FeII, H/H2) and tertiary/quaternary (e.g., Fe3O4, green rust) reducing agents. The incidence of this original mistake on the Fe0 technology and some consequences for its further development are discussed. It is shown, in particular, that characterizing the intrinsic reactivity of Fe0 materials should be the main focus of future research.

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Section: The Interactions Within Fe 0 /H 2 O Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mass Transfer Within Fe 0 /H 2 O Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Importance Of Indirect Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fe0/H2O Systems for Environmental Remediation: The Scientific History and Future Research Directions

Cui

Gwenzi

et al. 2018

Water

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“…Corrosion caused by poor water quality or high levels of residual chlorine produces a decrease in the strength of the pipe structure and consequently a subsequent failure [22]. Copper corrosion caused by water chemistry results in the release of copper into drinking water [23]. High levels of dissolved oxygen in the water contribute to the corrosion pits increase in the pipes [24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Residual Chlorine on Copper Pipes in Drinking Water Systems

García-Ávila¹,

Pino²,

Bonifaz-Barba³

et al. 2019

JESTR

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Copper pipes corrosion that transport potable water can deteriorate water quality within a distribution system, releasing high copper amounts, exceeding the maximum concentration copper for potable water standards. This study examines the influence of free chlorine on the leaching of copper in the pipes used for the distribution of drinking water. A series of tests was carried out using corrosion test coupons extractable constructed of copper material. The coupons were installed in units containing filtered water (without chlorine, 0 mg/L) and water treated with an average residual chlorine concentration of 0.85 mg/L in the water treatment plant in Azogues city, Ecuador. A corrosion test rack was also installed in a house with an average residual chlorine concentration of 0.37 mg/L. Coupons in these sites were exposed in duplicate for one, two, three and six months. The corrosion coupons were then extracted and weighed to establish the corrosion rate by gravimetric technique. Additional tests were performed in static immersion laboratory tests using drinking water with chlorine concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 5 mg/L for one month. The weight loss tests indicated that an increase in free chlorine concentration, the greater release of copper and therefore a higher corrosion rate.

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“…Dis so lu tion and reac tions in volv ing SCM from both mine sites and wastes can liber ate cop per to un der ground and groundwaters, thus in flu encing the qual ity of drink ing wa ter. Be cause of this, par tic u lar species of the SCM group are closely stud ied, both in nat u ral and lab o ra tory con di tions (Mer kel et al, 2002;Fitz ger ald et al, 2006;Taxén et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recently forming secondary copper minerals as indicators of geochemical conditions in an abandoned mine in Radzimowice (SW Poland)

Siuda

Kruszewski

2013

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1 In sti tute of Geo chem is try, Min er al ogy and Pe trol ogy, Uni ver sity of War saw, ¯wirki i Wigury 93, 02-089 Warszawa, Po land 2 In sti tute of Geo log i cal Sci ences, Pol ish Acad emy of Sci ences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818 Warszawa, Po land Siuda R. and Kruszewski £. (2013) Re cently formed sec ond ary cop per min er als as in di ca tors of geo chem i cal con di tions in an aban doned mine in Radzimowice (SW Po land). Geo log i cal Quar terly, 57 (4): 583-600, doi: 10.7306/gq.1114An oc cur rence of twelve re cently formed sec ond ary cop per min er als (SCM) was ob served in un der ground work ings of an aban doned Cu-As-Au mine in Radzimowice. The min er als, mainly sul phate spe cies, were iden ti fied us ing Pow der X-Ray Diffrac tion (PXRD), scan ning elec tron mi cro scope with en ergy dispersive spec tros copy sys tem (SEM-EDS) and elec tron microprobe anal y sis with wave length-dispersive spec trom e try sys tem (EPMA-WDS) meth ods. The SCM of Radzimowice form the fol low ing as sem blages: paragenesis I is char ac ter ized by langite, posnjakite, brochantite and devilline. These miner als crys tal lise di rectly from pH 6.0-7.0 mine wa ters. Paragenesis II also com prises hy drous cop per sulphates (HCS), and in ad di tion con tains na tive cop per, cu prite, ferrihydrite and gyp sum. Sec ond ary HCS mainly crys tal lise as prod ucts of re actions of sul phate-rich mine wa ters with na tive cop per and cu prite. The pH of these wa ters var ies from ~5.0 to 6.0. The III paragenesis is dom i nated by woodwardite, as so ci ated with vari able amounts of chalcoalumite and amor phous Cu-Al sulphates. Ac cu mu la tions of woodwardite oc cur in the zones where Al-and sul phate-rich acid mine wa ters (pH ~2.5-3.0) mix with neu tral wa ters (pH 6.5-7.0). Paragenesis IV is rare, dom i nated by chrysocolla, co ex ist ing with small amounts of mottramite and goethite. This as sem blage formed as a re sult of mo bi li za tion of sil ica re leased dur ing de com po si tion of rock-form ing aluminosilicates at tacked by acid mine wa ters.

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Model for estimation of copper release to drinking water from copper pipes

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Fe0/H2O Systems for Environmental Remediation: The Scientific History and Future Research Directions

Fe0/H2O Systems for Environmental Remediation: The Scientific History and Future Research Directions

Effect of Residual Chlorine on Copper Pipes in Drinking Water Systems

Recently forming secondary copper minerals as indicators of geochemical conditions in an abandoned mine in Radzimowice (SW Poland)

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