Model-based analysis of thinking in problem posing as sentence integration focused on violation of the constraints

Abstract

The advancement of computer and communication technologies has enabled researchers to conduct and analyze the learning process of posing problems. This study investigates what learners think while posing problems as sentence integration in terms of intermediate products as well as the posed problems as the resultant product. Problem posing as sentence integration defines the arithmetic word problem structure, and posing a problem is a task to satisfy all the constraints and requirements to build a valid structure. A previous study shows that, in problem posing as sentence integration for arithmetic word problems, learners try to satisfy a relatively large number of constraints in the posed problems. In contrast, this study focuses on the violation of constraints in the intermediate products while posing problems. The result shows that learners were inclined to avoid as many violated constraints as possible throughout the problem-posing process. Although learners tend to avoid the violated constraints, naturally, they cannot avoid some mistakes. Further analysis shows that learners actually have difficulty in fulfilling particular constraints while posing the problems. Based on this analysis, it is possible to detect the difficulty of learners' actions from the model perspective. Hence, it is possible to give accurate feedback and appropriately support the learners.

TOLSYASUPI-EduMed: Development of Educational Media Using the Problem-Posing Learning Model for Basic Programming Subjects

“…Along with technological advances and artificial intelligence in educational media technology, research conducted by [16] extends the domain of MONSAKUN system performance, by analyzing learner thinking when experiencing problems when interacting to solve problems in the regulation of integration of sentences that have been provided. Furthermore [17] recommends a scaffold system design in MONSAKUN which aims to overcome obstacles when students are faced with the problem of completing arithmetic words.…”

“…According to [16] which divides the type of problem-posing learning model into 2 types that have been applied and the interaction, flow is embedded in the MONSAKUN system, namely: 1. Open problem submission (Open-Posing) is that learners are required to make their own problem statements first, then submit them to the system.…”

“…We have made a proposal for two TOLSYASUPI-EduMed educational media designs that have been planted with problem-posing learning models with the type of open-posing adapted from [16], submitted to 11 media and material experts, then the selection is done using A/B testing which has several ways adapted from [37][38] with a voting system, scoring, and comments/suggestions. The results of the A/B method testing process are experts agreeing to choose design B with a value of 90.9% Very Strong predicate approving it.…”

Web-based Application for Visual Representation of Learners' Problem-Posing Learning Pattern

“…Further research has also been done to understand students' learning and thinking process using Binomial test based on students' first sentence choice while using the application [11], result shows that first sentence selection changes based on students' experience. In term of formulation-of-problem process when using the application, result shows an improving effect on how the students pose the problem with higher validity [12] while also avoiding as many mistakes as possible [13]. Although extensive researches have been done to analyze the log data from Monsakun, a dedicated software to explore and monitor the learning activity has not been created yet.…”

Educational Media Design for Learning Basic Programming in Branching Control Structure Material Using Problem-Posing Learning Model

“…Along with developments in education, rapid technological changes, and artificial intelligence in the use of educational media, the research conducted by Ahmad Afif Supianto, Yusuke Hayashi, and Tsukasa Hirashima [11] in the form of expanding the performance domain of the MONSAKUN application is analyzing thinking the learner when experiencing problems when interacting to solve problems in the sentence integration arrangement provided by the MONSAKUN system. Then in the research Ahmad Afif Supianto, Yusuke Hayashi, and Tsukasa Hirashima [12] expanded the performance of the MONSAKUN system by recommending the design of a scaffold system that aims to overcome obstacles when learners are faced with the problem of arithmetic words.…”