“…Compared with other services and tools, MIM primarily concentrates on the immediate delivery of messages via a "pop-up" notification to present the message immediately (Quan-Haase, Cothrel & Wellman, 2005). The general characteristic of MIM can be summarized into the following: (1) users can access this kind of applications via handheld mobile devices such as smartphones, smartwatches, tablet computers etc., (2) messages can be transmitted by the Internet, not the telecommunication carriers, (3) connection between recipients can be bi-directional (one-to-one) and multi-directional (one-to-many) (So, 2016), (4) contact list can be customized by adding, deleting and blocking, (5) chat log can be saved (usually in the device), stored (usually in the cloud), cleared (not including the cache), deleted (including the cache).…”