To better constrain the evolution of the Mongol‐Okhotsk suture, we carried out new paleomagnetic studies on Sharilyn Formation (~155 Ma) and Tsagantsav Formation (~130 Ma) in southern Mongolia, Amuria Block (AMU), and Tuchengzi Formation (~140 Ma) and Dadianzi/Yixian Formation (~130 Ma) in the Yanshan belt, North China Block (NCB). A total of 719 collected samples (from 100 sites) were subjected to stepwise thermal demagnetization. After a low‐temperature component of viscous magnetic remanence acquired in the recent field was removed, the stable high‐temperature components were isolated from most samples. The high‐temperature components from each rock unit passed a fold test and a reversal test, indicating their primary origins. The corresponding paleomagnetic poles were thus calculated. For AMU, the ~155 Ma pole is at 74.7°N/232.5°E (A95 = 3.7°), the ~130 Ma pole at 74.6°N/194.7°E (A95 = 2.9°); for the NCB, the ~140 Ma pole is at 82.7°N/208.6°E (A95 = 4.3°), the ~130 Ma pole at 80.5°N/197.4°E (A95 = 2.3°). By combining our new results with the published data, we refined the 155–100 Ma segment of the apparent polar wander paths for AMU and NCB, which can demonstrate that these two blocks have been tectonically coherent (AMU‐NCB) during 155–100 Ma. Comparison of the apparent polar wander paths, however, revealed a latitudinal plate convergence of 14.3° ± 6.9° and ~19.0° relative rotation between Siberia and the AMU‐NCB after ~155 Ma. Large‐scale latitudinal convergence likely ceased by ~130 Ma, although some relative rotation between them continued along the Mongol‐Okhotsk suture until ~100 Ma.
Background: Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) generally have been thought to worsen insulin-resistance and increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Recently, accumulating evidence has revealed that SFAs are not a single homogeneous group, instead different SFAs are associated with T2DM in opposing directions. Pentadecanoic acid (C15:0, PA) is directly correlated with dairy products, and a negative association between circulating PA and metabolic disease risk was observed in epidemiological studies. Therefore, the role of PA in human health needs to be reinforced. Whether PA has a direct benefit on glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity needs further investigation. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effect and potential mechanism of action of PA on basal and insulin stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes. Methods: Glucose uptake was determined using a 2-(N-[7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl] amino)-2deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) uptake assay. Cell membrane proteins were isolated and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) protein was detected by western blotting to examine the translocation of GLUT4 to the plasma membrane. The phosphorylation levels of proteins involved in the insulin and 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways were examined by western blotting. Results: We found that PA significantly promoted glucose uptake and GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane. PA had no effect on the insulin-dependent pathway involving insulin receptor substrate 1 (Tyr632) and protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), but increased phosphorylation of AMPK and Akt substrate of 160 kDa (AS160). Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor) blocked PA-induced AMPK activation and reversed PA-induced GLUT4 translocation, indicating that PA promotes glucose uptake via the AMPK pathway in vitro. Moreover, PA significantly promoted insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in myotubes. Under insulin stimulation, PA did not affect the insulin-dependent pathway, but still activated AMPK. Conclusion: PA, an odd-chain SFA, significantly stimulates glucose uptake via the AMPK-AS160 pathway and exhibits an insulin-sensitizing effect in myotubes.
Abstract.The thesis aims to analyze the feasibility and popularity of emerging multimedia tools like Zoom in multisensory teaching. The thesis discusses the theoretical base-multisensory integration and its application in multisensory teaching. On the base of this teaching method and with innovation in educational practice, educators are more inclined to use multimedia, especially video tools like Zoom. Besides the benefits of traditional multimedia, Zoom shows other superiorities: supporting collaborative learning, sharing texts and materials on the screen and supporting saving multimedia contents and keeping records. However, multimedia is a double-egged sword, teachers should use it properly.
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