Mixing in the Bosphorus Strait and the Black Sea continental shelf: observations and a model of the dense water outflow

Özsoy, Emi̇n; Iorio, Daniela Di; Gregg, Michael C.; Backhaus, Jan O.

doi:10.1016/s0924-7963(01)00049-5

Cited by 88 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The present water exchange across the Çanakkale and İstanbul Straits occurs as a two-layer fl ow. A cooler and lower salinity (‰ 17-20) Black Sea water exits southward at the surface while warmer and higher salinity (‰ 38-39) Mediterranean Sea water fl ows northward at depth through the straits (Polat and Tuğrul, 1996;Özsoy et al, 2001). The water column of the Marmara Sea is characterized by two distinct layers with different temperature and salinity levels: the upper layer (salinity <25psu) and the deeper layer (salinity=38.7psu), separated by a steep halocline located between 20 -25 m (Beşiktepe et al, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Ediger¹,

Demirbağ²,

Ergintav³

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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Semi enclosed Marmara Sea is a passage between the Aegean Sea (Northeastern Mediterranean Sea) and the Black Sea. The Marmara Sea is connected to the Black Sea and Aegean Sea through the İstanbul Strait (Bosphorus) and Çanakkale Strait (Dardanelles), respectively. Despite the fact that the late Pleistocene-Holocene connections between the seas have been explored by many scientists, there are still uncertainties about the nature and timing of the connections. Within the scope of this study, a new approach has been displayed for post-glacial connections between the Black Sea, Marmara Sea and Aegean Sea. This study is based on 80 shallow seismic refl ection lines, multibeam bathymetric data and 15 short gravity cores collected from the northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea (between Silivri and Golden Horn). The sea bottom and sub-bottom morphology have a highly chaotic structure at the exit of the Büyükçekmece/Küçükçekmece lagoons and further east near the Marmara-İstanbul Strait junction. This chaotic bottom and sub-bottom surface morphologies are mainly controlled by the structure of the basin, current regime of the shelf, coastal drainage systems and by the sea/lake water level changes controlled by climate and the sill depths of the two straits, which in turn determined the water exchange between the seas. The sedimentological interpretation of the seismic refl ection profi les and core sediments have allowed us to distinguish fi ve stratigraphic units (S1-S5) and four sedimentary layers (A-D) over the acoustic basement. The lower stratigraphic unit and sedimentary layer are separated from the overlying acoustic basement by a chaotic to parallel and by a high amplitude seismic refl ector. Seaward dipping units of the acoustic basement are inferred to be the seaward continuation of the Oligocene-Upper Miocene units widely exposed on land. The presence of three different marine terraces distinguished (T1-T3) along the northeastern shelf of the Marmara Sea have been associated with the six different curves of the post-glacial sea-level changes. From statistical point of view, the most signifi cant terraces occur from -78 m to -80 m (T1), -58 m to -62 m (T2) and -28 m to -32 m at (T3). Considering the global sea level curves, these terraces can be dated 9.25, 12.25 and 13.75 Cal kyr BP, respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Ediger¹,

Demirbağ²,

Ergintav³

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

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“…Detailed measurements more than three centuries later have revealed unique features of the Bosphorus exchange and its influence on the adjacent seas (Ünlüata et al, 1990;Özsoy et al, 1998, 2001Gregg et al, 1999, Gregg & Özsoy, 2002Jarosz et al, 2011a,b;Schroeder et al, 2012;Jordà et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Exchange through Canal İstanbul and Bosphorus Strait

Sözer

Özsoy

2017

Medit. Mar. Sci.

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The Turkish Straits System (TSS) regulates the transports of water, material and energy between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. Amidst existing environmental threats to the region surrounding İstanbul, the environmental footprint of the proposed Canal İstanbul project needs to be evaluated through methods of natural science. We take the elementary step to answer the particular problem of coupled strait dynamics by adding the Canal to an existing hydrodynamic model and estimate changes in their common response. Compared to the virtually unmodified exchange flow in the Bosphorus, the flow in the Canal has a weak lower layer current component, contrasted with intense currents at the exit controls at its junction with the Marmara Sea. The net flux through this simplest hypothetical TSS configuration is considerably increased for a given sea level difference across the system. The modified regime is expected to have climatological consequences.

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“…The formation of convective layers in lakes, seas and oceans, where temperature and salinity increase with depth, have been demonstrated in [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] Thermohaline structures with uniform layers with thicknesses from 5 -7 m up to 70 -80 m were found on many CTD-stations in the ice edge zone near Svalbard. Examples are shown in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Convective Instability in the Ice Edge Area of the Barents Sea

Kushnir¹,

Pavlov²,

Morozov³

et al. 2008

TOOCEAJ

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Abstract:The ice edge of the Barents Sea east of Svalbard is an area where the warm, salty water of the North Atlantic (AtW) interacts with cold, less dense, saline Arctic water (ArW) and the water produced by melting ice (MIW). Many of the CTD profiles (CTD stands for Conductivity-Temperature-Depth) obtained in this region by Norwegian Polar Institute expeditions in 1999 and 2007 contain layers that are quasi-homogeneous in temperature, salinity and density between the depths of 5-7 m to 100-150 m. It is shown that these features are formed by convective instability due to double-diffusion, which can occur where there are positive vertical gradients of both temperature and salinity, as is observed in this region. The rate of development and the thickness of the gradient layer depend on vertical temperature and salinity drops in the zone of interaction of AtW with ArW and MIW. They correspond well, characterized by a correlation coefficient of 0.96.

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Mixing in the Bosphorus Strait and the Black Sea continental shelf: observations and a model of the dense water outflow

Cited by 88 publications

References 25 publications

Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Post-Glacial Terraces of the Marmara Sea and Water Exchange Periods

Water Exchange through Canal İstanbul and Bosphorus Strait

Convective Instability in the Ice Edge Area of the Barents Sea

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