Mitogenome organization and evolutionary history of the subfamily Cephinae (Hymenoptera: Cephidae)

Abstract

Cephinae represents one of the exclusively endophytophagous sawfly lineages with diverse host plant utilizations, in which most species have great economic importance. However, the evolutionary history of the subfamily has not been thoroughly investigated to date. Here, we characterized the mitogenomes of six species representing five genera of Cephinae. Rearrangements of the tRNA genes were found to be notably common. The rearrangements involve the IQM and TP gene clusters, and the former is a synapomorphy of the subfamily. In spite of the seldom occurrence of gene duplication in arthropods, three tRNA duplication events not known elsewhere in Symphyta were detected in Cephinae. The phylogeny of Cephinae was reconstructed using different datasets generated from mitochondrial genes and two nuclear fragments, EF‐1α and ITS2, under Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) approaches by adding the data of previously reported seven species. Five different tree topologies were recovered in which the tree produced from the nP12RNAexc4genes dataset under the BI and ML approaches was highly resolved with high support values. The phylogeny did not support the traditional tribal concept but it suggested two strongly supported clades. Diversification of the subfamily appears to correspond to a great extent to host plant availability and colonization in the Late Cretaceous, Early Eocene and Oligocene, suggesting speciation via host shift. The nonsynonymous substitutions and the most radical changes observed in mitochondrial protein‐coding genes were proposed as evidence for speciation driven by divergent adaptive selection.

Characterization of the mitochondrial genome ofAnalcellicampa xanthosomagen. et sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

“…Genomes from four species were also used as outgroups (Mecoptera, Diptera, Megaloptera, and Coleoptera) (Table 1). The 27 species of Symphyta represented eight families: Tenthredinidae (Wei, Niu & Du, 2014; Wei, Wu & Liu, 2015; Song et al, 2015; Song et al, 2016; GY Niu, 2017, unpublished data), Cimbicidae (Song et al, 2016; Doğan & Korkmaz, 2017; YC Yan, 2019, unpublished data), Pergidae (Castro & Dowton, 2005), Orussidae (Dowton et al, 2009), Cephidae (Dowton et al, 2009; Korkmaz et al, 2015; Korkmaz et al, 2016; Korkmaz et al, 2017; Korkmaz et al, 2018), Argidae (Du et al, 2018), Megalodontesidae, and Pamphiliidae (Niu et al, 2019).…”

Characterization of the mitochondrial genome ofArge bellaWei & Du sp. nov. (Hymenoptera: Argidae)

“…Phylogenetic analyses were performed based on aligned sequences of the 13 PCGs and two rRNAs of the nearly complete mitochondrial genome of A. bella and 21 other symphytan mitochondrial genomes downloaded from GenBank (Table 1). These additional taxa represented five families: Tenthredinidae (Wei, Wu & Liu, 2015; Wei, Niu & Du, 2014; Song et al, 2015a; Song et al, 2016), Cimbicidae (Song et al, 2016; Doǧan & Korkmaz, 2017), Pergidae (Castro & Dowton, 2005), Orussidae (Dowton et al, 2009a), and Cephidae (Dowton et al, 2009a; Korkmaz et al, 2015; Korkmaz et al, 2016; Korkmaz et al, 2017; Korkmaz et al, 2018). As the Symphyta is paraphyletic with respect to the suborder Apocrita, we also included the mitochondrial genomes of the apocritan species Parapolybia crocea (GenBank: KY679828) and Taeniogonalos taihorina (GenBank: NC027830) in the analysis.…”

Characterization of mitochondrial genomes of three new species: Leptocimbex praiaformis, L. clavicornis, and L. yanniae (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae)

“…Similarly, a U-A pairing was replaced by a C-G pairing at positions 720-740 in Tenthredinoidea. Furthermore, the first pairing at positions 234-335 in H671 was completely conserved in Labriocimbex, Trichiosoma, Leptocimbex, while the U-A was replaced by a C-G in Corynis and other reported symphytan species (except for Orussus) (Doğan & Korkmaz 2017;Dowton et al 2009;Korkmaz et al 2015Korkmaz et al , 2016Korkmaz et al , 2018Ma et al 2019;Tang et al 2019).…”