Characterization of mitochondrial genomes of three new species: Leptocimbex praiaformis, L. clavicornis, and L. yanniae (Hymenoptera: Cimbicidae)

Abstract

Three new species of Leptocimbex, L. praiaformis, L. clavicornis, and L. yanniae, from China were described and illustrated. Nearly complete mitochondrial genomes were sequenced using next-generation sequencing. Compared to the ancestral organization, four tRNA genes were rearranged: trnM (+) and trnQ (À) are shuffled, while trnC (À) and trnY (À) are translocated from the trnW-trnC-trnY cluster to a location upstream of trnI. By mapping gene order onto phylogenies estimated from the mitochondrial genome, the evolutionary histories of gene rearrangement traits can be deciphered. All protein-coding genes are initiated by ATN codons and terminated with TAN, or T codons. By labeling the mutation on predicted secondary structures of rRNAs, the highly conserved motifs of rrnS (H769, H921, H939, H1506) also show phylogenetic signals. Phylogenetic relationships among the Symphyta were reconstructed using mitogenomes. Both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses highly support the monophyly of the genus Leptocimbex and the sister-group relationship between Leptocimbex and Labriocimbex + Trichiosoma.