Mitochondrial Genomes of Two Bombycoidea Insects and Implications for Their Phylogeny

Abstract

The mitochondrial genome (mt genome) provides important information for understanding molecular evolution and phylogenetics. As such, the two complete mt genomes of Ampelophaga rubiginosa and Rondotia menciana were sequenced and annotated. The two circular genomes of A. rubiginosa and R. menciana are 15,282 and 15,636 bp long, respectively, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two rRNA genes, 22 tRNA genes and an A + T-rich region. The nucleotide composition of the A. rubiginosa mt genome is A + T rich (81.5%) but is lower than that of R. menciana (82.2%). The AT skew is slightly positive and the GC skew is negative in these two mt genomes. Except for cox1, which started with CGA, all other 12PCGs started with ATN codons. The A + T-rich regions of A. rubiginosa and R. menciana were 399 bp and 604 bp long and consist of several features common to Bombycoidea insects. The order and orientation of A. rubiginosa and R. menciana mitogenomes with the order trnM-trnI-trnQ-nad2 is different from the ancestral insects in which trnM is located between trnQ and nad2 (trnI-trnQ-trnM-nad2). Phylogenetic analyses indicate that A. rubiginosa belongs in the Sphingidae family, and R. menciana belongs in the Bombycidae family.

Comprehensive Analyses of the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Figulus binodulus (Coleoptera: Lucanidae)

“…Leucine (Leu) was the most frequently used amino acid in F. binodulus mitochondrial PCGs ( Fig. 3 ), congruent to previous insect mitochondrial researches ( Negrisolo et al 2011 , Wei et al 2014 , Zhang et al 2014 , Xin et al 2017 , Chen et al 2018a ). Serine (Ser) was the second most frequent amino acid and was followed by Isoleucine (Ile) and Phenylalanine (Phe; Fig.…”

Characterization of the complete mitochondrial DNA of Theretra japonica and its phylogenetic position within the Sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae)

“…The GC skews of the seven Sphingidae species are all negative and the AT skews are positive except for M. sexta (-0.005) and A. convolvuli (-0.001) ( Sun et al 2017 ; Xin et al 2017 ; Dai et al 2016).…”

“… convolvuli (81.49%), and A. rubiginosa (81.5%) ( Sun et al 2017 ; Xin et al 2017 ; Dai et al 2016). The AT skew and GC skew of T. japonica J-strand are 0.023 and -0.245 respectively (Table 2 ).…”

“…Mitochondrial DNA sequences have been widely used to study the molecular evolution of insects due to protein-coding genes ( PCGs ) sequence conservatism, maternal inheritance, and rapid evolution ( Cameron 2014 ). In Sphingidae , however, only the complete mitochondrial DNA sequences of Notonagemia analis ( KU934302 ) ( Kim et al 2016 ), Sphinx morio ( KC470083 ) ( Kim et al 2013 ), Manduca sexta ( EU286785 ) ( Cameron and Whiting 2008 ), Ampelophaga rubiginosa ( KT153024 ) ( Xin et al 2017 ), Agrius convolvuli ( https://doi.org/10.1139/gen-2016-0058 ) ( Dai et al 2017 ), and Daphnis nerii ( https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0178773.s001 ) ( Sun et al 2017 ) have been reported up to now. Among these six species, N. analis , S. morio , A.…”

The complete mitogenome sequence of the hawk moth,Theretra latreilliisubsp.lucasii(Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) from Zhejiang Province, China

“…Studies of the genetic diversity of Sphingidae have contributed to the understanding of their adaptive evolutionary mechanisms (Hundsdoerfer et al 2005;Barth et al 2018). To date, complete mitogenome sequences of Sphingidae are available from several species, Manduca sexta (EU286785) (Cameron and Whiting 2008), Sphinx morio (KC470083) (Kim et al 2013), Notonagemia analis scribae (KU934302) (Kim et al 2016), Ampelophaga rubiginosa (KT153024) (Xin et al 2017), Theretra japonica (MG655620) , Macroglossum stellatarum (MG747645) , Psilogramma increta (MF974243) , and Parum colligate (MG888667) (Li et al 2019). In this study, we sequenced the complete mitogenome of the sphingid Theretra latreillii subsp.…”