Minimal cues in the vocal communication of affect: Judging emotions from content-masked speech

Scherer, Klaus R.; Koivumaki, Judy; Rosenthal, Robert

doi:10.1007/bf01074443

Cited by 93 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…Argyle and his colleagues (Argyle, Salter, Nicholson, Williams, & Burgess, 1970) found that 22 times more variance is accounted for by the tone of one's voice than by the content of the utterance when people are asked to interpret utterances. In fact, even when the content of recorded utterances is nearly completely obliterated by means of electronic masking, filtering, or random splicing of the tape, subjects still can encode the emotions expressed in these utterances quite reliably (Dawes & Kramer, 1966;Scherer, Koivumaki, & Rosenthal, 1972). And we have no difficulty in identifying emotions expressed by members of unknown cultures speaking unknown languages.…”

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confidence: 99%

Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.

Zajonc¹

1980

American Psychologist

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Affect is considered by most contemporary theories to be postcognitive, that is, to occur only after considerable cognitive operations have been accomplished. Yet a number of experimental results on preferences, attitudes, impression formation, and de-_ cision making, as well as some clinical phenomena, suggest that affective judgments may be fairly independent of, and precede in time, the sorts of perceptual and cognitive operations commonly assumed to be the basis of these affective judgments. Affective reactions to stimuli are often the very first reactions of the organism, and for lower organisms they are the dominant reactions. Affective reactions can occur without extensive perceptual and cognitive encoding, are made with greater confidence than cognitive judgments, and can be made sooner. Experimental evidence is presented demonstrating that reliable affective discriminations (like-dislike ratings) can be made in the total absence of recognition memory (old-new judgments).Various differences between judgments based on affect and those based on perceptual and cognitive processes are examined. It is concluded that affect and cognition are under the control of separate and partially independent systems that can influence each other in a variety of ways, and that both constitute independent sources of effects in information processing.

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confidence: 99%

Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.

Zajonc¹

1980

American Psychologist

6,541

180

3,491

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“…Ekman, 1972;Scherer et al, 1972;Scherer, 1974a) and that (2) types of cues r e s u l t i n g in d i s c r e p a n t inferences may occur jointly in a sample of behavior. More research to support these assumptions is clearly called for.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differential attribution of personality based on multi-channel presentation of verbal and nonverbal cues

Scherer

Hall

et al. 1977

Psychol. Res

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“…This view obviously does not exclude the possibility of short-term influences of autonomic arousal on the voice organs affecting voice quality, as for example in highly emotional states such as fear or anger (cf. Scherer et al, 1972). Stable or habitual voice quality, however, may well be an independent rather than a dependent variable in personality formation and behavior.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%