Mini Review: Extraction of Allicin from Allium sativum using Subcritical Water Extraction

Abstract

Garlic or Allium sativum have a lot of health benefits, especially on reducing blood pressure, fighting against the common cold and improve cholesterol in which lower the risk of heart attack problem. It is considered as one of the best disease preventive foods as it exhibits high biological activity when the fresh garlic is cut or crushed that attributed to sulfur compounds and thiosulphates. One of the active compounds in thiosulphates group namely allicin. Generally, allicin is not presence in garlic and to produce the allicin, enzyme alliinase is needed to activate with the presence of water. The common technique to extract allicin is using solvent extraction, UAE, PLE and SCCO2. The drawbacks of using these techniques including the use of organic solvent, long extraction time, and required two type of processes which is enzymatic process and extraction process. SWE is introduced to enhance the conventional process with high purity of product, water poses a mimic the properties of organic solvent and the enzymatic and extraction process undergo in one system. Therefore, this mini review aims to discuss the allicin in garlic, the literature on allicin extraction, the principle of SWE, and the application of SWE on allicin extraction.

Methods of Isolation of Active Substances from Garlic (Allium sativum L.) and Its Impact on the Composition and Biological Properties of Garlic Extracts

“…Among the methods of allicin extraction, i.e., solvent extraction, ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE), pressurized liquid extraction (PLE), supercritical CO 2 extraction (SCCO 2 ), and subcritical water extraction (SWE), a great potential of the SWE method has been shown by researchers, considering the disadvantages of the other methods, i.e., the use of an organic solvent, the long extraction time, and the application of two types of processes (enzymatic process and extraction process). Moreover, the advantage of the SWE method is the ability to regulate the temperature in the subcritical phase, which in turn facilitates the modification of the polar character of water and, consequently, the possibility of efficient extraction of compounds with medium and low polarity [ 62 ].…”

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bioactives and Its Role in Alleviating Oral Pathologies

“…There are some non-conventional techniques apart from conventional ones (AGE and EGE) to extract allicin, such as ultrasound-assisted extraction, pressurized liquid extraction, supercritical CO 2 extraction and salting-out extraction based on different organic solvents, temperatures and sometimes enzymatic methods used for extraction. Whereas enzyme assisted subcritical water extraction has an advantage over these methods due to its use of water instead of organic solvent with a single step of the enzymatic extraction process [ 37 ].…”

Towards a greener future: Bioactive compounds extraction from shrimp shells using eco‐friendly techniques

“…"> Mass transfer and diffusion : The SWE functions as a solvent with high mobility, effectively permeating the matrix of shrimp shells and facilitating the transportation of dissolved compounds back into the solvent phase. The convective flow of water inside this particular state of matter promotes effective mass transfer and aids in the diffusion of bioactive substances from the matrix (Zaini et al, 2020). …”