Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Bioactives and Its Role in Alleviating Oral Pathologies

Abstract

Garlic (Allium sativa L.) is a bulbous flowering plant belongs to the family of Amaryllidaceae and is a predominant horticultural crop originating from central Asia. Garlic and its products are chiefly used for culinary and therapeutic purposes in many countries. Bulbs of raw garlic have been investigated for their role in oral health, which are ascribed to a myriad of biologically active compounds such as alliin, allicin, methiin, S-allylcysteine (SAC), diallyl sulfide (DAS), S-ally-mercapto cysteine (SAMC), diallyl disulphide (DADS), diallyl trisulfide (DATS) and methyl allyl disulphide. A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statement. Scopus, PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Science direct databases were searched between 12 April 2021 to 4 September 2021. A total of 148 studies were included and the qualitative synthesis phytochemical profile of GE, biological activities, therapeutic applications of garlic extract (GE) in oral health care system, and its mechanism of action in curing various oral pathologies have been discussed. Furthermore, the safety of incorporation of GE as food supplements is also critically discussed. To conclude, GE could conceivably make a treatment recourse for patients suffering from diverse oral diseases.

The Current Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of Synthetic/Herbal/Biomaterials in Dental Application

“…There are different components of garlic which are presented in Figure 6 . Some other phytochemical compounds in the solvent extract of garlic bulb are carbohydrates, proteins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and steroids that exert a wide range of antidental caries ( Figure 7 ) [ 71 ]. Many studies have approved that the garlic extract has antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal activities ( Figure 8 ).…”

Root Vegetables Having Medicinal Properties: Their Possible Use in Pharmaceutical and Food Industries

“…Polyphenols, amino acids, benzenoids, sulfur-containing substances, fatty acyls, glycerophospholipids, heteroaromatic substances, indoles, phenol lipids, pyrrolizines, quinolines, steroid derivatives, tetrahydrofurans, and other substances make up the majority of the phytochemicals. As shown in Figure 1, garlic consists of active compounds such as alliin, allicin, methiin, S-allylcysteine, diallyl sulfide, S-allymercapto cysteine, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, and methyl allyl disulfide [19,20]. The sulfur-containing compounds allicin, diallyl sulfide, diallyl disulfide, diallyl trisulfide, alliin, S-allylcysteine, and S-allylmercaptocysteine present in garlic are reported to cure cancer [21].…”

Botanicals and Oral Stem Cell Mediated Regeneration: A Paradigm Shift from Artificial to Biological Replacement

“…The interactions of natural plant extracts with stem cells have gained immense interest from researchers worldwide in recent times, as several studies have highlighted the ability of natural plant extracts/phytochemicals to promote survival, proliferation, as well as differentiation, of various mesenchymal stem cells [ 175 , 176 , 177 , 178 , 179 , 180 , 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 ]. In a recent study, curcumin, by increasing the early growth response protein 1 (EGR1) expression and activation of PI3K, Nrf2, and AKT signaling pathway, has been reported to promote the osteogenic differentiation potential in human PDLSCs [ 185 , 186 ].…”