Mineralization of Bacteria

Rizzo, Anthony A.; Martin, George R.; Scott, David B.; Mergenhagen, S. E.

doi:10.1126/science.135.3502.439

Cited by 37 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…naedundii and Citron (1945) reported on the alkaline phosphatase activity of species of Actinomyces. Rizzo, Martin, Scott & Mergenhagen (1962) found that the dead organisms of Actinomyces and other bacterial species strongly absorbed calcium phosphate of the animal and deposited it in the form of hydroxyapatite. Also, the high concentration of phosphatase in wound tissue or in histocytes and macrophages (Gomori, 1943;Carranza & Cabrini, 1962) probably plays an important role in tissue infected with Actinomyces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Structure and Composition of the 'Sulphur Granules' of Actinomyces bovis

Pine¹,

Overman

1963

Journal of General Microbiology

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SUMMARY'Sulphur granules' of Actinomyces bovis were isolated from a case of bovine actinomycosis. These were examined in ultrathin sections with the electron microscope, in stained sections with the light microscope or in wet mounts before and after chemical extraction with the light and phase microscope. In addition chemical analyses were done on the granules and on organisms grown in vitro. The combined results showed the granule is a mycelial mass of Actinornyces bovis cemented together by a polysaccharide + protein complex and containing about 50 yo calcium phosphate. With the exception of the calcium phosphate, the granule had essentially the same composition as organisms grown in vitro. It is concluded that the 'clubs' of the granule represent normal hyphae encapsulated with the same polysaccharide + protein complex, that the basic structure of the granule represents the organism itself or products formed by it and that the mycelial mass is mineralized by calcium phosphate derived from the host as a result of phosphatase activity of the host and organism.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Structure and Composition of the 'Sulphur Granules' of Actinomyces bovis

Pine¹,

Overman

1963

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…As to whether the bacteria or the matrix calcifies first, when bacteria calcify to form calculus, is a controversial question. Rizzo et al [22] and TAKAZOE et al [23] reported that formalin-killed bacteria calcified faster than living bacteria. LIE et al [20] observed the calcification of Bacterionema matruchotii in vitro with a transmission electron microscope and found intracellular and extracellular calcifications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of the surface of dental calculus using scanning electron microscopy.

Shirato

Kamishikiryo

Itoh

et al. 1981

The Journal of Nihon University School of Dentistry

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“…An antimicrobial increases calculus through the dynamics of biofilm petrification leading to cementation. Antimicrobials delay the onset of plaque formation but they also increase the mineralizaton rate of plaque and microorganisms (Rizzo et al, 1962;Sideaway, 1978). While it might take longer to form an initial layer of biofilm with regular antimicrobial use, the layers that form would be encouraged to undergo extensive mineralization.…”

Section: The Importance Of Adhesion/cementation To Calculus Formationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Processes contributing to the formation of dental calculus

White

1991

Biofouling

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Dental calculus is a petrified plaque biofilm. Calculus removal requires professional scaling procedures as a result of its physical hardness and strong attachment to the teeth. The aim of this paper is to review chemical (MD, Ca, P, F), physical (hardness, adhesive strength), ultrastructural (SEM, TEM), and clinical data on calculus in order to provide perspective on the roles that adhesion and cementation play in tartar development. SEM, TEM and microradiographic analyses of deposits in cross section show that calculus mineralizes in successive layers of varying thickness. Chemical analysis shows that plaque mineralization occurs rapidly (on a clinical time scale, < 2 wks on average) with the formation of calcium phosphate crystals contributing up to 80% of the weight of deposits. Although calculus adheres strongly to the teeth (up to 4,000 kN.m -2 in attachment force) the hardness measures only 10-20% of sound enamel (20-40 Vickers Hardness Numbers). The clinical formation of calculus (measured as the area coverage on the teeth) follows a rapid course, levelling off after 2-3 months. Crystal growth inhibitors reduce the maximum plateau of calculus coverage but do not alter the mineral composition of mature deposits. These findings support the view that calculus formation is strongly affected by the adhesion of mineralizing plaques onto existing deposits. Maximum tooth coverage with supragingival calculus is affected by the time period of cementation of plaque layers (influenced by plaque formation and mineralization rates) and average frictional forces (mastication/ toothbrushing) acting on appositional layers. Tartar control action by current technologies can be thought of as "antiadhesive" in the sense that lengthened time periods of plaque petrification permit cleansing of softer deposits by patients using normal hygiene methods. The development of technologies for the "complete" control of calculus development must take into account the strong role of adhesion/cementation in tartar formation.

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Mineralization of Bacteria

Cited by 37 publications

References 5 publications

Determination of the Structure and Composition of the 'Sulphur Granules' of Actinomyces bovis

Determination of the Structure and Composition of the 'Sulphur Granules' of Actinomyces bovis

Observations of the surface of dental calculus using scanning electron microscopy.

Processes contributing to the formation of dental calculus

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