Mineral Processing and Metallurgical Treatment of Lead Vanadate Ores

Abstract

Vanadium has been strongly moving into focus in the last decade. Due to its chemical properties, vanadium is vital for applications in the upcoming renewable energy revolution as well as usage in special alloys. The uprising demand forces the industry to consider the exploration of less attractive sources besides vanadiferous titanomagnetite deposits, such as lead vanadate deposits. Mineral processing and metallurgical treatment of lead vanadate deposits stopped in the 1980s, although the deposits contain a noteworthy amount of the desired resource vanadium. There has been a wide variety of research activities in the first half of the last century, including density sorting and flotation to recover concentrates as well as pyro- and hydrometallurgical treatment to produce vanadium oxide. There have been ecological issues and technical restrictions in the past that made these deposits uninteresting. Meanwhile, regarding the development of mineral processing and metallurgy, there are methods and strategies to reconsider lead vanadates as a highly-potential vanadium resource. This review does not merely provide an overview of lead vanadate sources and the challenges in previous mechanical and metallurgical processing activities, but shows opportunities to ensure vanadium production out of primary sources in the future.

Study on the Grinding Kinetics and Magnetic Separation of Low-Grade Vanadiferous Titanomagnetite Concentrate

“…Magnetic separation is considered to be the most reasonable technology for the recovery and processing of vanadiferous titanomagnetite [41,42]. In this study, about 21.19% of the gangue minerals in LVTC were single-gangue minerals with large particle sizes, such as quartz, tremolite, and feldspar, as well as fine-grained gangues linked with titanomagnetite, and veinlets and checkerboard ilmenite in titanomagnetite that produce a solid solution [43,44].…”

Sensor-Based Ore Sorting—A Review of Current Use of Electromagnetic Spectrum in Sorting

“…Sensor-based ore sorting has been used in various mineral applications including diamonds, gold, copper, coal, lignite, hematite, quartz and many other minerals of value. Recently some review articles have published in the same area [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16], [17], [18], [19], [20] creating an exchange platform for cost effective engineering solutions in sensor based ore sorting. More beneficiation and advanced techniques for minerals like copper, coal, and diamond have also been proposed in [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35], and [36], but none of these approaches intently reviews a generalized approach to sensor based ore sorting through the application of the interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter.…”

Investigation of Vanadium-Containing Sludge Oxidation Roasting Process for Vanadium Extraction

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The main raw materials for vanadium extraction are titanomagnetite ores [11][12][13][14][15]. Vanadium can be extracted from coal, spent catalysts, ash from thermal power plants, and other sources [16][17][18][19][20][21].…”