The photooxygenation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein is considered a promising strategy against Alzheimer's disease (AD). The inhibition of Aβ aggregation or depolymerization of Aβ aggregates can effectively alleviate and improve the condition of AD. Herein, we report a series of "off−on" near-infrared quinolinium photosensitizers (QM20−QM22) based on D-π-A structures using a target-sensing catalyst activation (TaSCAc) strategy. They exhibit turn-on fluorescence when bonded to Aβ aggregates and generate singlet oxygen to achieve the specific imaging and photooxygenation of Aβ aggregates, leading to attenuated Aβ aggregates, enhancing their clearance through the microglial lysosomal pathway, decreasing their neurotoxicity. This study will shed light on the development of the photooxygenation of misfolded proteins for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
The assemblies of gold nanorods (Au NRs) exhibit unique properties distinct from the isolated Au NR. We report an effective and simple method for the end-to-end (E-E) and side-by-side (S-S) assemblies of Au NRs with a molecularly defined nanogap (1–2 nm) only in the presence of dithiol poly(ethylene glycol) (HS-PEG-SH). The assembled methods need neither the pH value adjustments nor the addition of other organic solvent. With increasing amount of dithiol molecules, assembled modes of Au NRs experience an interesting procedure, changing from E-E to S-S orientation. The experimental results indicate that when the concentration of HS-PEG-SH is less than 0.25 μM, electrostatic repulsion of positive-charged CTA+ is stronger than the affinity of the Au-S binding, resulting in the E-E oriented assembly. Otherwise, the S-S oriented mode is predominated. The current assembled method will be potentially useful for the optoelectronics and biomedical engineering.
Objective The purpose of the study was to examine the acute effects of the timing of exercise on the glycemic control during and after exercise in T2D. Methods This study included 26 T2D patients (14 women and 12 men) who were treated with metformin. All patients were tested on four occasions: metformin administration alone (Metf), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) performed at 30 minutes (EX30), 60 minutes (EX60), and 90 minutes (EX90) postbreakfast, respectively. Glucose, insulin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were examined. Results Glucose decreased significantly after the exercise in EX30, EX60, and EX90. Compared with Metf, the decline in glucose immediately after the exercise was larger in EX30 (−2.58 mmol/L; 95% CI, −3.36 to −1.79 mmol/L; p < 0.001), EX60 (−2.13 mmol/L; 95% CI, −2.91 to −1.34 mmol/L; p < 0.001), and EX90 (−1.87 mmol/L; 95% CI, −2.65 to −1.08 mmol/L; p < 0.001), respectively. Compared with Metf, the decrease in insulin was larger in EX30 and EX60 (both p < 0.001). Conclusions Timing of exercise is a factor to consider when prescribing exercise for T2D patients treated with metformin. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-IOR-16008469 on 13 May 2016.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.