Mineral-enriched deep-sea water inhibits the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cell lines

Abstract

Abstract. Recently, the scientific community has begun to establish the health benefits of deep-sea water (DSW) due to its enrichment in nutrients and minerals. In this study, we investigated the effects of deep-sea water (DSW) on the metastatic potential of two human breast cancer cell lines exhibiting highly different phenotypes. MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit invasive/metastatic tumor features with rapid migration ability and high endogenous expression of TGF-β and Wnt5a. DSW treatment significantly inhibits their migratory ability in a wound-healing assay. This inhibitory effect of DSW appears to be mediated through TGF-β and Wnt5a signaling, resulting in attenuated expression of CD44. We further investigated the preventive effect of DSW on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced invasive/metastatic tumor features in non-invasive MCF-7 cells. Similar to the inhibitory effects shown in MDA-MB-231 cells, we observed that DSW treatment resulted in the inhibition of TPA-induced migration and MMP-9 activity with a concomitant decrease in mRNA levels of MMP-9, TGF-β, Wnt5a and Wnt3a. Taken together, our data show that DSW has inhibitory effects on breast cancer invasion/metastasis, suggesting that DSW has some promise in improving cancer survival by preventing tumor metastasis.

Deep sea water improves exercise and inhibits oxidative stress in a physical fatigue mouse model

“…Numerous studies have confirmed that DSW has pharmacological effects, including protecting the cardiovascular system (12,13), improving metabolic processes (14,15), anti-osteoporosis properties (16), treating atopic dermatitis skin lesions (17), accelerating recovery from physical fatigue (18), providing intestinal protection against duodenal ulcers (9) and inhibiting the metastatic potential of human breast cancer cell lines (19 Although DSW has already been studied for its alleviating fatigue effect in Wistar rats, the beneficial effects isolated in that study were only attributed to the minerals of DSW (20). In addition, the mechanism behind the beneficial effect has not yet been fully clarified.…”

Potential Health Benefits of Deep Sea Water: A Review

“…Its application can inhibit human breast cancer cell lines' migratory ability in a wound-healing assay. The inhibitory effects of DSW on breast cancer invasion/metastasis that uses MDA-MB-231 cells appears to be mediated through TGF- β and Wnt5a signalling, resulting in attenuated expression of CD44 [37]. In a study that uses the noninvasive MCF-7 cells, DSW treatment resulted in the inhibition of TPA-induced migration and MMP-9 activity with a concomitant decrease in mRNA levels of MMP-9, TGF- β , Wnt5a, and Wnt3a [37].…”

“…The inhibitory effects of DSW on breast cancer invasion/metastasis that uses MDA-MB-231 cells appears to be mediated through TGF- β and Wnt5a signalling, resulting in attenuated expression of CD44 [37]. In a study that uses the noninvasive MCF-7 cells, DSW treatment resulted in the inhibition of TPA-induced migration and MMP-9 activity with a concomitant decrease in mRNA levels of MMP-9, TGF- β , Wnt5a, and Wnt3a [37]. DSW also improves the quality of green tea prepared with it, in which it enhanced the production of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), which could potentially act as an inhibitor for N-nitrosation, which can induce mutagenic and cell damaging reactions [38].…”

In Vitro Cytotoxic and Anticancer Effects of Zamzam Water in Human Lung Cancer (A594) Cell Line

“…Roman bath water and the Dead Sea water were used to heal many skin problems, and deep-sea water has been mentioned as hydrotherapy for various body systems (5) and for inhibiting metastasis in human breast cancer cell lines (6). Moreover, alkaline water was reported to reduce oxidative stress and hemorrhagic gastric lesions in rats (7).…”