Potential Health Benefits of Deep Sea Water: A Review

Nani, Samihah Z.M.; Majid, Fadzilah Adibah Abdul; Jaafar, Azmi; Mahdzir, Akbariah Mohd; Musa, Md. Nor

doi:10.1155/2016/6520475

Cited by 50 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(101 reference statements)

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“…We previously reported that food components and certain natural products from the Kochi Prefecture (Japan), such as Chinese chive [37] and RDSW produced from the DSW in the Muroto promontory, provide important health benefits [38]. In particular, RDSW, a mineral-rich drinking water, exerts potentially beneficial effects on human health, as demonstrated by previous clinical studies [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drinking Refined Deep-Sea Water Improves the Gut Ecosystem with Beneficial Effects on Intestinal Health in Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

et al. 2020

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World health trends are focusing on a balanced food and beverage intake for healthy life. Refined deep-sea water (RDSW), obtained from deep-sea water collected offshore in Muroto (Japan), is mineral-rich drinking water. We previously reported that drinking RDSW improves human gut health. Here, we analyzed the effect of drinking RDSW on the gut ecosystem to understand this effect. This was a randomized double-blind controlled trial. Ninety-eight healthy adults were divided into two groups: RDSW or mineral water (control). The participants consumed 1 L of either water type daily for 12 weeks. A self-administered questionnaire and stool and urine samples were collected through the intervention. The following were determined: fecal biomarkers of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA), five putrefactive products, and nine short-chain-fatty-acids (SCFAs) as the primary outcomes; and three urinary isoflavones and the questionnaire as secondary outcomes. In post-intervention in the RDSW group, we found increased concentrations of five SCFAs and decreased concentrations of phenol and sIgA (p < 0.05). The multiple logistic analysis demonstrated that RDSW significantly affected two biomarkers (acetic and 3-methylbutanoic acids) of the five SCFAs mentioned above (p < 0.05). Similarly, the concentrations of urinary isoflavones tended to increase in post-intervention in the RDSW group. Constipation was significantly alleviated in the RDSW group (94%) compared with the control group (60%). Drinking RDSW improves the intestinal environment, increasing fecal SCFAs and urinary isoflavones, which leads to broad beneficial effects in human.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deep-sea water (DSW) is obtained from depths of over 200 m. It is highly pure, with low temperature stability, high mineral concentration, and active nutritional species [1]. Bottled commercial DSW-based drinking water obtained by different methods, e.g., desalinization, is available on the market.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drinking Refined Deep-Sea Water Improves the Gut Ecosystem with Beneficial Effects on Intestinal Health in Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

et al. 2020

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“…DSW is abundant in minerals, particularly Mg and Ca. Mg is important for many physiological processes, such as enzyme functions and energy metabolism in the body, and Ca has various advantages, including bone development and density [ 36 ]. Therefore, they are crucial minerals for humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refined Deep-Sea Water Suppresses Inflammatory Responses via the MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathway in LPS-Treated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

Chun

Lee

Nam

2017

IJMS

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Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a type of inflammatory skin disease caused by genetics, immune system dysfunction, and environmental stresses. It is, however, still considered to be a refractory disease. Macrophages are inflammatory immune cells that infiltrate the skin and induce inflammation. We investigated the effect of refined deep-sea water (RDSW) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that RDSW suppressed the expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2. Furthermore, nitric oxide, a product of iNOS, and prostaglandin (PG) D2 and PGE2, products of COX-2, were significantly inhibited by RDSW in a hardness-dependent manner. Moreover, we found that RDSW reversed the release of histamines and regressed the mRNA expressions and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-10, and vascular endothelial growth factor, in a hardness-dependent manner. We also found that the suppressive effect of RDSW on LPS-induced inflammatory responses was regulated by the inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation, and ERK 1/2 and JNK 1/2 mediated the suppression of c-Jun and c-Fos expressions. In conclusion, the present investigation suggests the possibility that RDSW may be used to treat and/or prevent inflammatory diseases, including AD.

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“…Deep-sea water, which is pumped up from a depth of more than 500~600 m in various regions of the deep sea, contains high levels of minerals that are known to be essential to human health, including, Ca, Cl, Fe, Na, Mg, K, Se, V, and Zn. Accumulating evidence shows that deep-sea water has beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, and cancer [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]. This is not entirely surprising, given that metabolic disorders such as diabetes are associated with significant mineral deficiencies and imbalances [ 23 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Jeju Magma-Seawater Inhibits α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis via CaMKKβ-AMPK Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

Song

Lee²,

Kim

et al. 2020

Marine Drugs

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Melanin protects skin from ultraviolet radiation, toxic drugs, and chemicals. Its synthesis is sophisticatedly regulated by multiple mechanisms, including transcriptional and enzymatic controls. However, uncontrolled excessive production of melanin can cause serious dermatological disorders, such as freckles, melasma, solar lentigo, and cancer. Moreover, melanogenesis disorders are also linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, there is a huge demand for safer and more potent inhibitors of melanogenesis. In the present study, we report novel inhibitory effects of Jeju magma-seawater (JMS) on melanogenesis induced by α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH) in B16F10 melanoma cells. JMS is the abundant underground seawater found in Jeju Island, a volcanic island of Korea. Research into the physiological effects of JMS is rapidly increasing due to its high contents of various minerals that are essential to human health. However, little is known about the effects of JMS on melanogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that JMS safely and effectively inhibits α-MSH-induced melanogenesis via the CaMKKβ (calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase β)-AMPK (5′ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) signaling pathway. We further demonstrate that AMPK inhibits the signaling pathways of protein kinase A and MAPKs (mitogen-activated protein kinase), which are critical for melanogenesis-related gene expression. Our results highlight the potential of JMS as a novel therapeutic agent for ameliorating skin pigmentation-related disorders.

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Potential Health Benefits of Deep Sea Water: A Review

Cited by 50 publications

References 63 publications

Drinking Refined Deep-Sea Water Improves the Gut Ecosystem with Beneficial Effects on Intestinal Health in Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Drinking Refined Deep-Sea Water Improves the Gut Ecosystem with Beneficial Effects on Intestinal Health in Humans: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Trial

Refined Deep-Sea Water Suppresses Inflammatory Responses via the MAPK/AP-1 and NF-κB Signaling Pathway in LPS-Treated RAW 264.7 Macrophage Cells

Jeju Magma-Seawater Inhibits α-MSH-Induced Melanogenesis via CaMKKβ-AMPK Signaling Pathways in B16F10 Melanoma Cells

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