Milk and milk‐derived peptides combat against hypertension and vascular dysfunction: a review

Abstract

Summary Epidemiological studies have revealed that consumption of milk and fermented dairy products is inversely associated with elevated blood pressure and with many of the risk factors of the metabolic syndrome. Previously, calcium was thought to be behind this phenomenon, but during the last 20 years, convincing evidence emerging from experimental, epidemiological and intervention studies has highlighted the important role of the small peptides formed during fermentation processes. This review provides an overview of the potential blood pressure lowering components present in dairy products with a special focus on casein‐derived tripeptides.

Recent research progress of biologically active peptides

“…41 Aino et al reported that milk-derived peptides have blood pressure-lowering ingredients. 42 Nielsen et al reported that the biologically functional peptides of milk protein breakdown have antioxidant, antibacterial, and ACE inhibition functions. 43 Animal-derived Chinese medicine contains a lot of protein and peptides, like centipedes, and so forth (Figure 2).…”

“…Mati et al reported a variety of potential activities of camel milk bioactive peptides, including antimicrobial, anti‐inflammatory, immune regulation, and so on 41 . Aino et al reported that milk‐derived peptides have blood pressure‐lowering ingredients 42 . Nielsen et al reported that the biologically functional peptides of milk protein breakdown have antioxidant, antibacterial, and ACE inhibition functions 43 .…”

Dairy Products Benefits in Lowering Blood Pressure

“…5 Several studies show that milk as one of the mostly consumed dairy source in the society has positive effects in modulating different factors associated to hypertension. [5][6][7] This paper will review dairy products and their mechanism in lowering blood pressure.…”

Whey Protein Hydrolysate and Pumpkin Pectin as Nutraceutical and Prebiotic Components in a Functional Mousse with Antihypertensive and Bifidogenic Properties

“…Hence, the enzymatic action of ACE leads to the constriction of blood vessels and, consequently, to an increase in blood pressure. The use of ACE-inhibiting peptides from WPHs offers a new nutritionally based way of management and, possibly, treatment for persons with essential (primary) hypertension [15,16]. In contrast to the standard chemically based medications, such an approach will have less undesirable harmful side effects (adverse drug reactions).…”