militaries’ roles in political regimes: introducing the PRM data set

Croissant, Aurel; Eschenauer, Tanja; Kamerling, Jil

doi:10.1057/s41304-016-0083-6

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…26 The military can find numerous ways, overt and covert, to influence and contest political decision-making to the extent that it can significantly constrain the options of democratically elected politicians. 27 Even in the United States, the country that is widely seen as having achieved Samuel Huntington's ideal of objective civilian control with a clear division between a subordinate, 'professional' military, on the one hand, and the civilian sphere, on the other, 28 heads of military service branches have frequently exercised veto powers and compelled governments to compromise with the armed forces. 29 An important reason for this, in Peter D. Feaver's view, is that the military as agent often has different preferences than their civilian principals.…”

Section: Civil-military Relations and Military Missionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational experiences, military role conceptions, and their influence on civil-military relations

Harig

Jenne

Ruffa

2021

Eur. j. of int. secur.

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A considerable amount of research within security studies has explored the military's increasingly diverse and multifaceted tasks. However, this debate has been disconnected from the literature on civil-military relations to the effect that we still lack knowledge about how and why these operational tasks have consequences for the relations between the armed forces, civilian authorities, and society at large. In order to provide for a better understanding of these effects, this introduction to the Special Issue debates the concept of operational experiences to capture how the military's routine activities affect the equilibria, logics, and mechanisms of civil-military relations. The article then provides an overview of the Special Issue's six contributions, whose diverse and global perspectives shed light on different aspects of the relationship between military missions and the military's roles in society and politics. Among other factors, they highlight role conceptions – the military's shared views on the purpose of the institution – as crucial in shaping the dynamic relation between what the military does and what place it occupies within the state and society. The article concludes by describing potentially fruitful areas of future research.

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Section: Civil-military Relations and Military Missionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operational experiences, military role conceptions, and their influence on civil-military relations

Harig

Jenne

Ruffa

2021

Eur. j. of int. secur.

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“…Today, only few works systematically account for military role expansion in both emerging democracies and authoritarian regimes. Against the backdrop of declining numbers of military coups, “indices do not show a constant decline in military influence,” resulting in the “still highly relevant role of militaries” across the globe (Croissant, Eschenauer, and Kamerling 2017, 411).…”

Section: Perceptions Of the Militarymentioning

confidence: 99%

Role Model or Role Expansion? Popular Perceptions of the Military in Tunisia

Albrecht

Bufano

Koehler

2021

Political Research Quarterly

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This article introduces a theory on military role expansion in emerging democracies and poses a broad question: who wants the military to adopt which role in society and politics? Drawing on an original, nationally representative survey conducted in Tunisia, the article explores people’s preferences for the military to remain a security provider or serve in government and contribute to policing protests. Findings reveal that public support for military role expansion is substantial and varies across political cleavages. We test hypotheses to account for cleavages driven by the country’s authoritarian past versus partisan divides during Tunisia’s transition to democracy. Findings indicate that popular support for military role expansion is driven by anti-system sentiments prevalent in contemporary Tunisian politics: while voters prefer the military as a role model for security provision, non-voters support its enhanced role in politics. These observations have ample implications for the research programs on civil–military relations and the dynamics of democratic consolidation. Tunisia’s experience warrants greater attention to anti-system attitudes caused by people’s disillusionment with democratic procedures. In turn, authoritarian legacies do not appear to play a prominent role during such challenging transitions toward democratic consolidation.

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“…Table 1 offers some basic statistics that illustrate how the role and scope of the military differs in military dictatorships compared to other forms of dictatorship or democracies. Using data from the Political Roles of the Military (PRM) data set (Croissant et al, 2016) capturing various characteristics of the military in a sample of 120 developing countries from 1999 to 2012, it shows how regimes vary across three variables: military veto (which measures whether the military is a veto player and/or capable of restricting the government's powers); military repression (which measures whether the military is deployed internally to deter political dissent); and military impunity (which measures whether members of the armed forces engage in illegal activities with little risk of prosecution or conviction). The data illustrate that in military dictatorships, the military is nearly always: (a) a veto player; (b) a force used for domestic repression; and (c) a participant in criminal acts that go unpunished.…”

Section: Policing Under Military Dictatorshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

The legacy of military dictatorship: Explaining violent crime in democracies

Frantz

2018

International Political Science Review

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Violent crime rates have increased dramatically in many parts of the world in recent decades, with homicides now outpacing deaths due to interstate or civil wars. Considerable variations exist across democracies in their violent crime rates, however: different autocratic experiences help explain why this is the case. Democracies emerging from military rule have higher homicide rates because they typically inherit militarized police forces. This creates a dilemma after democratization: allowing the military to remain in the police leads to law enforcement personnel trained in defense rather than policing, but extricating it marginalizes individuals trained in the use of violence. The results of cross-national statistical tests are shown to be consistent with this argument.

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militaries’ roles in political regimes: introducing the PRM data set

Cited by 11 publications

References 22 publications

Operational experiences, military role conceptions, and their influence on civil-military relations

Operational experiences, military role conceptions, and their influence on civil-military relations

Role Model or Role Expansion? Popular Perceptions of the Military in Tunisia

The legacy of military dictatorship: Explaining violent crime in democracies

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