Migrating alone: Tackling social capital? Women from Eastern Europe in Portugal

From Sex to Gender: The Feminisation of Migration and Labour-Market Insertion in Spain and Portugal

“…The recession in the Portuguese construction industry forced many migrants, mainly of Ukrainian origin, to leave Portugal and move to other countries, including Spain (Marques and Gó is 2007), where activity in the construction industry was at its height. Several authors have stated that, during this period, Portugal showed a certain degree of stability in the personal-services sector, which would explain the increase in the number of lone female migrants working in domestic service, essentially as live-in workers (Hellermann 2006;Wall et al 2005). …”

Women in the driving seat: Eastern European immigrant women's citizenship, participation and educational inclusion in Portugal

“…Despite important studies linking female migration trajectories to the diverse experiences of immigrant women in Portugal (e.g. Wall, Nunes, and Matias 2005;Hellermann 2004Hellermann , 2006Miranda 2009;Wall and Nunes 2010), 1 little research has been done on immigrant women's citizenship and how they have actively fostered social inclusion. Our research was conducted to understand the specificity of 'Eastern' European 2 immigrant women's experience of migrating to Portugal and their citizenship, focusing on their emergent sense of inclusion in Portuguese society through their participation in immigrant associations and through education.…”

“…A more substantial immigration has been registered from Ukraine, with smaller flows coming from Romania, Moldova and Russia (SEF 2011). Although most Eastern European men find work in the construction sector, women mostly cluster in low-income and low-status occupations in the industrial and domestic cleaning sector or care work (Hellermann 2006;Peixoto 2009). Compared with Brazilian and African migrant women, Eastern European women are also over-represented in the manufacturing sector and agriculture, again at the low-skilled level (Peixoto 2009).…”

‘Kids sold, desperate moms need cash’: Media representations of Zimbabwean women migrants

“…There is a vast amount of literature that has chronicled the construction of women migrants as victims in the media (see for example, Lemish 2000;Hellermann 2006;Catarino 2007;Lefko-Everett 2010;Nyangairi 2010;Banda and Mawadza 2015). The characterisation of women migrants as victims, rather than as successful, creative or active women, for example, is evident in SAM representations of Zimbabwean women migrants.…”

“…Research on migrant women and their experiences has been invisible in academic investigations. Scholars addressing migrant women issues deplore the lack of academic research in the field (Hellermann 2006;Catarino 2007), although some visibility has been gained of late. The lack of research on migrant women, as well as media coverage of the topic, are both reflections of academic as well as social marginalization of this issue.…”