Midline Facial Tissue Thicknesses of Subadults from a Longitudinal Radiographic Study

Garlie, Todd N.; Saunders, Shelley R.

doi:10.1520/jfs14412j

Cited by 71 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Some authors argued that generalized pooled data can be used, ignoring these possible variants [18,[23][24][25]. However, most authors agree that adult and juvenile STT are different, but do not agree on how age categories should be divided [4,5,[11][12][13][14][15][16]23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Soft tissue thickness values for black and coloured South African children aged 6–13 years

Briers¹,

Briers²,

Becker³

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

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Highlights• Population data for facial soft tissue thickness (STT) of Black and Coloured South African children are provided for facial reconstruction / approximation of juvenile remains.• STT data should be pooled as two age groups subdivided at age 10 with ancestry taken into account.• Sex should not be considered as it seems not to impact STT with more than 2 mm at any landmark.• STTs in Coloured children are generally larger than in Black children. AbstractIn children, craniofacial changes due to facial growth complicate facial approximations and require specific knowledge of soft tissue thicknesses (STT). The lack of South African juvenile STT standards of particular age groups, sex and ancestry is problematic. According to forensic artists in the South African Police Service the use of African-American values to reconstruct faces of Black South African children yields poor results. In order to perform a facial approximation that presents a true reflection of the child in question, information regarding 2 differences in facial soft tissue at different ages, sexes and ancestry groups is needed. The aims of this study were to provide data on STT of South African Black and Coloured children and to to assess differences in STT with respect to age, sex and ancestry. STT was measured using cephalograms of South African children (n = 388), aged 6 -13 years. After digitizing the images, STT measurements were taken at ten mid-facial landmarks from each image using the iTEM measuring program. STT comparisons between groups per age, sex and ancestry were statistically analyzed. The results showed that STT differences at lower face landmarks are more pronounced in age groups per ancestry as opposed to differences per age and sex. Generally, an increase in STT was seen between 6 -10 year old groups and 11 -13 year old groups, regardless of ancestry and sex, at the midphiltrum, labiale inferius, pogonion, and beneath chin landmarks.This research created a reference dataset for STT of South African children of Black and Coloured ancestry per age and sex that will be useful for facial reconstruction / approximation of juvenile remains.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data on STT of children are on the increase in the literature, but it mainly involves American children of European [5,11,12] and African [5,13] descent. Three studies on children from countries other than the USA were found and included Hispanic [5], White British [4] and female Japanese children [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft tissue thickness values for black and coloured South African children aged 6–13 years

Briers¹,

Briers²,

Becker³

et al. 2015

Forensic Science International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…N: nasion, located on the suture between the frontal and nasal bones. The three skeletal types were classified as follows: Class I, ANB angle 2-58; Class II, ANB angle greater than 58; Class III, ANB angle less than 28 [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. An acetate sheet was placed on top of the X-ray film which was mounted on a light box and profiles of soft and bony tissue were traced by pencil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial soft tissue thickness in Japanese female children

Utsuno

Kageyama

Deguchi

et al. 2005

Forensic Science International

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“…Although differences between ethnic groups have been described in scientific literature [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], the variables used by the database were commonly obtained from isolated populations of different groups, such as populations in Central Asia [4]; European and North American Caucasians [3,10,14]; African Zulus [17]; White Australians [8,18]; Saudis [9] and Indians from Northwest India [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%